Chapter 5 - The Roman Republic

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17 Terms

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Italy

is a narrow peninsula extending about 750 miles from north to south but averaging only about 120 miles across.

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Optimates and Populares

were terms of political rhetoric that were used by individuals within the aristocracy against fellow aristocratic rivals to distinguish one set of tactics from another.

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Punic Wars

During the , Rome had become acutely aware of the Hellenistic states of the eastern Mediterranean when the king of Macedonia made an alliance with Hannibal after the Roman defeat at Cannae.

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Apennine Mountains

The traverse the peninsula from north to south, forming a ridge down the middle that divides west from east.

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Sicily

lies just west of the toe of the boot- shaped peninsula.

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POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS

- The Romans had a clear concept of executive authority, embodied in their word imperium, or the right to command.

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Macedonia

was made a Roman province in 148 B. to teach the Greeks a lesson, and Greece was placed under the control of the Roman governor of Macedonia.

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Greek models

affected virtually every area of Roman life, from literature and philosophy to religion and education.

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Italy

also possessed considerably more productive farmland than Greece, enabling it to support a large population.

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The Greeks and the Etruscans

Other peoples had also settled in Italy, the two most notable being .

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Sicily

lies just west of the toe of the boot-shaped peninsula.

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Tiber River

Located 18 miles inland on the , Rome had access to the sea but was far enough inland to be safe from pirates.

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Roman Republic

The possessed a number of popular assemblies.

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Punic Wars

During the , Rome had become acutely aware of the Hellenistic states of the eastern Mediterranean when the king of Macedonia made an alliance with Hannibal after the Roman defeat at Cannae.

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Greco-Roman

Eventually, a complete amalgamation of Greek and Roman religion occurred, giving the Romans and the Greeks essentially the same religion.

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Carthage

Some felt that after the destruction of , the Romans no longer had any strong enemies to challenge them.

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Sulla

After conducting a reign of terror to wipe out all opposition, revised the constitution to restore power to the senate.