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Italy
is a narrow peninsula extending about 750 miles from north to south but averaging only about 120 miles across.
Optimates and Populares
were terms of political rhetoric that were used by individuals within the aristocracy against fellow aristocratic rivals to distinguish one set of tactics from another.
Punic Wars
During the , Rome had become acutely aware of the Hellenistic states of the eastern Mediterranean when the king of Macedonia made an alliance with Hannibal after the Roman defeat at Cannae.
Apennine Mountains
The traverse the peninsula from north to south, forming a ridge down the middle that divides west from east.
Sicily
lies just west of the toe of the boot- shaped peninsula.
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS
- The Romans had a clear concept of executive authority, embodied in their word imperium, or the right to command.
Macedonia
was made a Roman province in 148 B. to teach the Greeks a lesson, and Greece was placed under the control of the Roman governor of Macedonia.
Greek models
affected virtually every area of Roman life, from literature and philosophy to religion and education.
Italy
also possessed considerably more productive farmland than Greece, enabling it to support a large population.
The Greeks and the Etruscans
Other peoples had also settled in Italy, the two most notable being .
Sicily
lies just west of the toe of the boot-shaped peninsula.
Tiber River
Located 18 miles inland on the , Rome had access to the sea but was far enough inland to be safe from pirates.
Roman Republic
The possessed a number of popular assemblies.
Punic Wars
During the , Rome had become acutely aware of the Hellenistic states of the eastern Mediterranean when the king of Macedonia made an alliance with Hannibal after the Roman defeat at Cannae.
Greco-Roman
Eventually, a complete amalgamation of Greek and Roman religion occurred, giving the Romans and the Greeks essentially the same religion.
Carthage
Some felt that after the destruction of , the Romans no longer had any strong enemies to challenge them.
Sulla
After conducting a reign of terror to wipe out all opposition, revised the constitution to restore power to the senate.