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syncretism
mixing of cultures, religions, and ideas
diasporic communities
displaced people that move locations but bring their cultures and ideology, influencing the new region that already lives there, they also adopt the regions culture
jizya
tax on nonmuslims
sultan
emperor/ruler of muslim country (Ottoman Empire)
hijab
head covering that muslim women wear
arabesque
islamic design, shown in mosques
calligraphy
used in islam, usually is sayings from the Quran
mosaic
typically islamic decoration on walls, usually depicting a scene of people (like The Last Supper painting in Milan, Italy)
minarets
pointy things on mosques, usually do the call to prayer on top of them
Timbuktu
prosperous city, Mali, in trade, islamic literature (1200-1450)
Swahili
in E Africa that traded w Malay sailors and other ocean city trade
Baghdad
capital of Abbasid empire, House of Wisdom
Cordoba
has mosque, it has architectural impact on the abbasid empire
porcelain
luxury item traded by china through the silk roads
flying cash
paying in credit
sakk
“check”
monetization
credit, checks, banks
commercialization
process of introducing a new product/production method to trade market
proto-capitalism
private ownership of production, emerged during transition from feudalism to capitalism
southernization
adopting culture, usually Indian/South Asian practices
compass
huge technological advancement, Indian ocean trade, before used to use the North Star
astrolabe
technological advancement, used to track navigation and time keeping
caravan
things camels pulled, technological innovation that helped carry more items across trade routes
monsoon
storm that helped Malay sailors reach east Africa, influenced Indian Ocean trade network
straits of malacca
strait that was highly taxed, Malaysia became prosperous
lateen sail
technological innovation that helped change the direction of the ships instead of relying on the monsoon winds
legalism
strict Chinese philosophy that advocates for harsh punishments to maintain order —> Confucianism
neo-confucianism
Song Dynasty blending of confucianism, buddhism, and daoism
turks/turkic language people
nomads that spread their language
missionaries
people who spread their religion to other cultures, tried to convert others to their religion (mostly Christianity & Islam)
angkor watt
originally Hindu temple, converted to Buddhism
malay sailors
nomadic people
city-state
state that is just a city
khan
elected leader of the Mongol Empire
yurt
Mongolian nomadic tent
pope
leader of Catholic Christianity in Italy
feudalism
allegiances between lords, monarchs, knights (land exchanged)
eastern orthodox vs western catholic
zen/chan buddhism
buddhism & daoism combined, then spread to
junks & dhows
junks — Chinese boat, dhows — Arab boat
kowtow
kneeling and touching forehead to ground as sign of respect (typically to ruler)
tribute system/middle kingdom
equal field system
equal plots of lands distributed to each family in the Tang dynasty
foot binding
women bound feet as toddlers to restrict foot growth and it was a sign of beauty
champa rice
drought resistant from Champa Vietnam kingdom, harvestable twice a year, increased population because increase in food
slav/slave
manorial system — peasants bound to land & worked in exchange for protection from the lord and military forces
Hagia sophia
in Turkey, church to mosque, shows syncretism
mosque of cordoba
mosque of djenne
syncretism uses the local culture and mud to fix every year, mosque
Borobudur temple
biggest religious complex, shows vast span of the religion and its impact
stub minar
tallest minaret in the world
bureaucracies
social hierarchy
patriarchy
nomad/nomadic
empire
civilization