Units 1 & 2 Vocab

syncretism

mixing of cultures, religions, and ideas

diasporic communities

displaced people that move locations but bring their cultures and ideology, influencing the new region that already lives there, they also adopt the regions culture

jizya

tax on nonmuslims

sultan

emperor/ruler of muslim country (Ottoman Empire)

hijab

head covering that muslim women wear

arabesque

islamic design, shown in mosques

calligraphy

used in islam, usually is sayings from the Quran

mosaic

typically islamic decoration on walls, usually depicting a scene of people (like The Last Supper painting in Milan, Italy)

minarets

pointy things on mosques, usually do the call to prayer on top of them

Timbuktu

prosperous city, Mali, in trade, islamic literature (1200-1450)

Swahili

in E Africa that traded w Malay sailors and other ocean city trade

Baghdad

capital of Abbasid empire, House of Wisdom

Cordoba

has mosque, it has architectural impact on the abbasid empire

porcelain

luxury item traded by china through the silk roads

flying cash

paying in credit

sakk

“check”

monetization

credit, checks, banks

commercialization

process of introducing a new product/production method to trade market

proto-capitalism

private ownership of production, emerged during transition from feudalism to capitalism

southernization

adopting culture, usually Indian/South Asian practices

compass

huge technological advancement, Indian ocean trade, before used to use the North Star

astrolabe

technological advancement, used to track navigation and time keeping

caravan

things camels pulled, technological innovation that helped carry more items across trade routes

monsoon

storm that helped Malay sailors reach east Africa, influenced Indian Ocean trade network

straits of malacca

strait that was highly taxed, Malaysia became prosperous

lateen sail

technological innovation that helped change the direction of the ships instead of relying on the monsoon winds

legalism

strict Chinese philosophy that advocates for harsh punishments to maintain order —> Confucianism

neo-confucianism

Song Dynasty blending of confucianism, buddhism, and daoism

turks/turkic language people

nomads that spread their language

missionaries

people who spread their religion to other cultures, tried to convert others to their religion (mostly Christianity & Islam)

angkor watt

originally Hindu temple, converted to Buddhism

malay sailors

nomadic people

city-state

state that is just a city

khan

elected leader of the Mongol Empire

yurt

Mongolian nomadic tent

pope

leader of Catholic Christianity in Italy

feudalism

allegiances between lords, monarchs, knights (land exchanged)

eastern orthodox vs western catholic

zen/chan buddhism

buddhism & daoism combined, then spread to

junks & dhows

junks — Chinese boat, dhows — Arab boat

kowtow

kneeling and touching forehead to ground as sign of respect (typically to ruler)

tribute system/middle kingdom

equal field system

equal plots of lands distributed to each family in the Tang dynasty

foot binding

women bound feet as toddlers to restrict foot growth and it was a sign of beauty

champa rice

drought resistant from Champa Vietnam kingdom, harvestable twice a year, increased population because increase in food

slav/slave

manorial system — peasants bound to land & worked in exchange for protection from the lord and military forces

Hagia sophia

in Turkey, church to mosque, shows syncretism

mosque of cordoba

mosque of djenne

syncretism uses the local culture and mud to fix every year, mosque

Borobudur temple

biggest religious complex, shows vast span of the religion and its impact

stub minar

tallest minaret in the world

bureaucracies

social hierarchy

patriarchy

nomad/nomadic

empire

civilization