Ap Psych unit 0 terms

Critical thinking

Thinking that evaluates arguments and evidence critically

Hindsight Bias

Tendency to believe outcome was foreseeable after

Peer Reviewers

Experts who evaluate research before publication

Theory

Explanation using principles that organize observations

Hypothesis

Testable prediction implied by a theory

Falsifiable

Capable of being proven wrong by evidence

Operational Definition

Precise statement of exact procedure used

Replication

Repeating a study with different participants

Case Study

In-depth study of an individual or group

Naturalistic Observation

Observing behavior in naturally occurring situations

Survey

Obtaining self-reported attitudes or behaviors

Social Desirability Bias

Tendency to answer questions pleasingly

Self-Report Bias

Inaccurate self-reporting of personal characteristics

Sampling Bias

Flawed sampling process producing unrepresentative sample

Random Sample

Sample fairly representing population through chance

Population

All members of a group studied

Correlation

Measure of relationship between two variables

Correlation Coefficient (r)

Statistical measure of a relationship strength

Variable

Anything that can vary and be measured

Scatterplot

Graph showing relationship between two variables

Illusory Correlation

Perception of a relationship where none exists

Regression towards the mean

Extreme scores fall back toward average

Experiment

Method manipulating variables to observe effects

Experimental Group

Group receiving the treatment in experiment

Control Group

Group not receiving treatment for comparison