Developmental Disorders in Oral & Maxillofacial Structures

These flashcards cover key developmental disturbances and anomalies affecting jaws, lips, palate, tongue, and teeth, along with genetic and environmental factors influencing congenital disorders.

What is a benign bony growth projecting outward from the surface of a bone called?

Exostoses

What term describes a bony overgrowth at the midline of the hard palate?

Torus palatinus

What term describes a bony overgrowth on the lingual surface of the mandible?

Torus mandibularis

How do inherited disorders differ from developmental disorders?

Inherited disorders are caused by an abnormal gene, whereas developmental disorders are not necessarily genetic.

What is a congenital disorder?

A disorder present at birth; it may be either inherited or developmental.

What name is given to environmental factors that cause developmental abnormalities?

Teratogens

Malformations resulting from chromosomal abnormalities are classified under which type of factors?

Genetic factors

Cleft lip results from the failure of fusion between which embryologic processes?

The maxillary and medial nasal processes

Cleft palate occurs when which structures fail to fuse with the primary palate?

The palatal shelves

What is the incidence of cleft palate with or without cleft lip?

Approximately 1 per 2,500 live births

What is the mildest form of cleft palate?

Cleft uvula

What developmental condition is commonly referred to as tongue-tie?

Ankyloglossia (a short lingual frenum extending to the apex of the tongue)

Which tumor is composed of remnants of the dental lamina?

Ameloblastoma

What term refers to the congenital absence of teeth?

Anodontia

What term refers to teeth in excess of the normal number?

Supernumerary teeth

What term describes abnormally large teeth?

Macrodontia

What term describes abnormally small teeth?

Microdontia

What developmental anomaly is characterized by the formation of a small tooth-like mass within the pulp?

Dens in dente (tooth within a tooth)

What is the most common variation in tooth shape mentioned, often appearing as tapering crowns?

Peg-shaped teeth

Hutchinson incisors, a variety of peg-shaped teeth, are usually associated with what maternal infection?

Maternal syphilis

What is fusion in tooth development?

The joining of dentin and enamel of two or more separate developing teeth

What is gemination in tooth development?

An attempt by a single tooth bud to divide; an unsuccessful attempt is indicated by an incisal notch