Inorganic & Organic Chemistry Studying Unit 1

Protons charge, location, and mass

+, nucleus, 1 amu

Neutrons charge, location, and mass

=, nucleus, 1 amu

Electrons charge, location, and mass

-, outside the nucleus, ~0amu

Isotope

Atoms of an element with differing #’s of neutrons

Ion

Have an unequal # of protons and electrons

Covalent bonds

A bond between two atoms that share a pair of valence electrons

Ionic bonds

A bond between two oppositely charged ions

Hydrogen bonds

A weak attraction between two polar covalent molecules

Hydrogen

1, 1, 1

Carbon

6, 4, 4

Nitrogen

7, 5, 3

Oxygen

8, 6, 2

Hydroxyl

Carbonyl

Carboxyl

Amino

Sulfhydryl

Phosphate

Primary structure

Single chain

Secondary structure

Folded sheet

Tertiary structure

Primary and secondary/the shape

Quaternary structure

Tertiary’s linked together

Carbohydrate functions

Energy and structure

Protein functions

Movement, transport, structure, communication between cells

Nucleic Acid functions

Genetic information, translate and transcription

Lipid functions

Storage, cell membrane structure, protection/insulation

How to find the # of electrons in the valence shell

Atomic # minus 2

How to find the # of unpaired electrons in the valence shell

The # of electrons subtracted from 8