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Buddhist Temples
Follow the imperial style with green roof tiles and a strictly symmetrical layout.
Main Building
Set on the central axis, facing south, with annex structures on the west and east flanks.
Taoist Temples
Architecture is less grand, with the main deity represented in the front hall.
Entrance
Usually at or to the side to confuse entry by demons, following Feng Shui guidelines.
Fayuang Temple
Features the Main Tower, Hall of the Divine Kings, Main altar, and Scripture Hall.
Foguang Temple
Known as the "Temple of the Buddha's Light," it contains Manjusri Hall and is the 2nd oldest existing pagoda in China.
Longxing Temple
Includes multiple halls and pavilions, such as the Hall of 4 Heavenly Kings and Hall of Amitabha.
Pagodas
Originally attached to monasteries for relic preservation, they vary in stories and styles.
Pavilion-shaped Structures
Represent popular styles in ancient Chinese architecture.
Pailou
Ceremonial entrances or archways to temples and tombs.
Dian
Large single building in traditional Chinese architecture, often referred to as Dadian or zhengdian.
Ornamental Pillars
Huabiao, often seen in palaces and gardens, marking thoroughfares.
Imperial Gardens
Spacious gardens with symbolic plants and smaller gardens for specific purposes.
Private Gardens
Small and simple gardens built in urban areas due to expensive land.
Monastic Gardens
Found in monasteries, emphasizing natural beauty and solemnity.
Elements of a Chinese Garden
Include rocks, water, buildings, and plants.
Altars and Temples
Used for worshiping heaven, earth, and ancestors, including sacrificial offerings.
Temple of Heaven and Earth
A sacrificial altar for emperors, symbolizing heaven and earth.
Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests
Part of the Temple complex, representing the emperor's connection to heaven.
Circular Altar Mound
Features a round marble plate surrounded by rings, symbolizing the emperor's power.
Seasons and Rituals
The emperor performed rituals twice a year for good harvests and gratitude.
Abstinence Hall
Where the emperor prepares before rites of Heaven worship.
Imperial Vault of Heaven
Smaller than the Hall of Prayer, it stores tablets of the god of heaven.
Mausoleums/Tombs
Examples of high architectural techniques, often built against mountains.
Qin Tombs
Famous for the Terracotta warriors of Qin Shi Huang.
Han Tombs
Inherited the underground tomb system from the Qin dynasty.
Ming Tombs
Contains tombs of 13 Ming emperors, featuring gates and buildings.
Great Palace Gate
Features three passageways and a significant stele.
Sangiang Gong
Temples of Taoist priests, known as the "palace of triple purity."
Ting
A pavilion or kiosk built in various shapes for rest or shelter.
Tai
Elevated terrace with a flat top, often supporting palatial halls.
Lou
Multi-storey building housing bells or drums, known as zhong-lou and gu-lou.
Ge
A multi-level structure used for storage, with solid walls on three sides.
Ta
A pagoda symbolizing a monastery, influenced by Indian architecture.
Fortifications
The Great Wall of China, built to protect against nomadic intrusions.
Passes
Secure intersections along the Great Wall, facilitating trade routes.
Shan Hai Pass
The easternmost point of the Great Wall.
Jiayu Pass
The westernmost point of the Great Wall.
Imperial Cities
Enclosed by walls, featuring a hierarchy of buildings and streets.
Da Du
The imperial palace established by Genghis Khan.
Hierarchy and Protective Wall
Important buildings raised on terraces, reflecting social status.
Ornamentation
Use of color restricted by social status, with gold as the noblest color.
Hexicaihua
Imperial-style decorative painting often featuring dragons or phoenixes.
