M1.2 Inorganic Chemistry

Highly reactive elements that have 1 valence electron and are stored under kerosene

Group 1-A: Alkali Metals

The lightest of all elements, used in the Haber process for producing ammonia

Hydrogen

The heavy isotope of hydrogen used to make heavy water (D2O)

Deuterium

The radioactive isotope of hydrogen

Tritium

Natural water that contains calcium and magnesium bicarbonates which are removed by boiling

Temporary Hard Water

Natural water that contains dissolved calcium and magnesium sulfates, hydroxides, and chlorides

Permanent Hard Water

Sterile water for injection containing antimicrobial agents like benzyl alcohol

Bacteriostatic water for injection (BWFI)

A compound also known as Agua oxinada or oxygenated water used as an antiseptic

Hydrogen Peroxide

The lightest of all metals, used as a mood stabilizer in the treatment of bipolar disorder and mania

Lithium Carbonate

The major extracellular cation used to optimize the pharmaceutical utility of organic medicaments

Sodium

A physiologic buffer and alkalizer commonly known as baking soda

Sodium Bicarbonate

An anhydrous carbonating agent commonly known as soda ash

Sodium Carbonate

A saline laxative also known as Rochelle's Salt or Sal Seignette

Sodium Potassium Tartrate

An agent used to treat hyperkalemia by binding potassium, also known as Kayexalate

Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate

A compound also known as Glauber's Salt

Sodium Sulfate

A primary standard used for Karl-Fischer reagent water determination

Sodium Tartrate

An official combination of three chlorides consisting of NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2

Ringer's Solution

A combination of Ringer's solution with sodium lactate, also known as Hartman's Solution

Lactated Ringer's Solution

The best antidote for mercury poisoning, particularly for the bichloride or mercuric salt

Sodium Formaldehyde Sulfoxylate

An antidote for cyanide poisoning also known as Photographer's Hypo

Sodium Thiosulfate

A strong base also known as caustic soda, sosa, or lye used to saponify hard soap

Sodium Hydroxide

A tablet disintegrant

Sodium Starch Gluconate

A carbon dioxide absorber also known as Calyx Soda

Soda Lime

A hypotensive agent used in cases of hypertensive emergency or crisis, protected from light

Sodium Nitroprusside

A flavor enhancer associated with "Chinese Restaurant Syndrome"

Monosodium Gluconate (MSG)

The major intracellular cation important for the contraction of muscles

Potassium

A strong base also known as caustic potash used as a saponifying agent for soft soap

Potassium Hydroxide

A compound also known as Liver of sulfur used as an astringent and protective

Sulfurated Potash

A compound also known as Mineral Chameleon used as an antiseptic

Potassium Permanganate

An ammonium compound used as a respiratory stimulant, also known as Preston salt or Hartshorn

Ammonium Carbonate

An alloy composed of copper and tin

Bronze

An alloy composed of copper and zinc

Brass

A toxicity condition caused by copper accumulation in the body

Wilson's Disease

An insecticide also known as Paris green

Copper Acetoarsenate

A compound also known as blue vitriol or blue stone used as an algaecide and fungicide

Copper Sulfate

An antimicrobial property where elements inhibit the growth of bacteria in very small concentrations

Oligodynamic activity

A toxicity condition caused by chronic silver exposure, characterized by skin discoloration

Argyria

A compound also known as lunar caustic or lapis infernularis used in 1% ophthalmic solutions

Silver Nitrate

A precious metal known as the "king of metals" that can be dissolved by aqua regia

Gold

The most toxic metal or element, which has a diagonal relationship resembling aluminum

Beryllium

The second major intracellular cation that acts as a natural calcium channel blocker

Magnesium

A long-acting, non-systemic antacid also known as light magnesia or calcined magnesia

Magnesium Oxide

A saline laxative and anticonvulsant also known as Epsom salt or bitter salt

Magnesium Sulfate

A native magnesium silicate used in pharmacy and cosmetics, also known as French chalk or steatite

Talc

A compound also known as slaked lime or hydrated lime added to baby's milk formula to prevent curding

Calcium Hydroxide

An excessive ingestion of calcium carbonate with large amounts of milk leading to acid rebound and constipation

Milk alkali syndrome (Burnett's syndrome)

A calcium compound also known as gypsum or terra alba, whose hemihydrate form is Plaster of Paris

Calcium Sulfate

A compound also known as chloride of lime or bleaching powder used for sanitation of swimming pools

Chlorinated Lime

A tooth desensitizing agent present in some Sensodyne formulations

Strontium Chloride

A condition caused by barium inhalation, causing benign pneumoconiosis

Baritosis

A radiopaque contrast media used for Roentgen ray examination of the stomach, known as a barium meal

Barium Sulfate

A deficiency condition of zinc characterized by skin lesions

Parakeratosis

A compound also known as flower of zinc, zinc white, or philosopher's wool used as a physical sunblock

Zinc Oxide

An OTC ophthalmic astringent approved by the FDA at a concentration of 0.25%, also known as white vitriol

Zinc Sulfate

A native zinc carbonate responsible for a pink color due to the presence of Fe2O3

Calamine

A cumulative poison whose chronic poisoning causes Itai-itai disease targeting the bones

Cadmium

The only metal that exists as a liquid at room temperature, whose ore is cinnabar

Mercury

A chronic mercury poisoning condition also known as mad hatter's disease

Chronic Hg Poisoning

The first natural product discovered to contain boron

Boromycin

The most abundant of all metals on Earth, whose ores include corundum, bauxite, and cryolite

Aluminum

A topical astringent solution containing aluminum acetate or subacetate

Burrow's Solution

A native colloidal hydrated aluminum silicate also known as wilhinite, soap clay, or swelling clay

Bentonite

A metal used mainly in the treatment of cancer-related hypercalcemia

Gallium

The most stable allotrope of carbon and the best conductor of electricity

Graphite

The purest native form of uncombined carbon and the best conductor of heat

Diamond

A compound also known as carborundum

Silicon Carbide (SiC)

A compound also known as after-damp or aer fixus, whose solid form is dry ice

Carbon Dioxide

A toxic element derived from "Plumbum" whose chronic poisoning is called saturnism or plumbism

Lead

A lead poisoning manifestation occurring in children, characterized by lead encephalopathy

Wrist Drop

An inert gas making up 78% of Earth's atmosphere, also known as Mephitic Air

Nitrogen

An inhalation anesthetic commonly known as laughing gas, stored in blue cylinders

Nitrous Oxide

A highly reactive, poisonous phosphorus allotrope with a garlic odor

White (or Yellow) Phosphorus

A chronic phosphorus toxicity condition characterized by bony necrosis of the mandible

Phossy jaw

A popular homicidal poison that displays Aldrich-Mees lines under acute toxicity

Arsenic

The most toxic form of arsenic

Arsine (AsH3)

A compound also known as tartar emetic, used as the drug of choice for schistosomiasis

Antimony Potassium Tartrate

An antacid and antidiarrheal compound that causes black stools

Bismuth Subsalicylate

A metal sheet form used for the surgical repair of bones

Tantalum

An elemental gas known historically as Emperial Air or Dephlogisticated Air

Oxygen

The most effective topical OTC agent for the control of acne by inducing epithelial cell proliferation

Hydrous Benzoyl Peroxide

The most stable allotrope of oxygen, possessing a garlic odor and manufactured via the Welsbach method

Ozone

The most stable, rhombic alpha allotrope of sulfur

Rhombic sulfur

An essential trace element that serves as part of glutathione peroxidase

Selenium

The most electronegative element on the periodic table, whose ion causes dental fluorosis

Fluorine

An electrolyte replenisher historically named dephlogisticated muriatic acid by Scheele

Chlorine

A halogen element that acts as a depressant to the nerve center, whose toxicity causes bromism

Bromine

A metallic halogen whose toxicity causes iodism and uses starch as an antidote

Iodine

The first element to be created artificially, whose 99m isotope is widely used as a radiopharmaceutical

Technetium

The fourth most abundant element on Earth, whose pure form is wrought iron and impure form is cast iron

Iron

An official iron compound also known as green vitriol, widely used for iron supplementation

Ferrous Sulfate

A compound also known as Monsel's solution

Ferric Subsulfate Solution

An anhydrous and aqueous element known as "Lover's ink" or "sympathetic ink"

Cobaltous Chloride

A transition metal also known as "Old Nick's Copper" used in fancy jewelry

Nickel