the 13 british colonies

Location of the 13 original English colonies

Eastern Coast of North America

: South Carolina, North Carolina, Maryland, Georgia, Virginia, Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Connecticut, New Hampshire, New York, and Rhode Island

What groups of colonies were there? (3)

Southern Colonies

Middle colonies

New England colonies

What states were in the 3 group of colonies? (Southern, middle, New England)

Southern: Virginia, Maryland, South and North Carolina, Georgia

Middle: Delaware, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania

New England: Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island

What were the religions of the 3 British Colonies Groups?

Southern: Church of England, Christian Haven, Protestants (members of the Christian Churches)

Middle: many religions were practiced, (The religious society of friends), Christian’s who disagreed with the practices of the Church of England, felt region was personal

New England: Pilgrims and Puritans

Who were the pilgrims?

The Pilgrims were a group of people who traveled to New England on a ship named the Mayflower in 1620.

They disagreed with the Church of England.

They sailed for religious freedom.

They survived in Plymouth Colony. They had the first thanksgiving with the Wampanoag tribe

Who were the Puritans? Add

Had similar beliefs as the Pilgrims, but they didn’t want to separate themselves from the Church of England

They wanted to reform the Church from within

What was the geography in the 13 colonies?

Southern: mountains, fertile land

Middle:

New England: mountains, rivers, and forests. Rocky soil

What was the economy like in the 13 colonies?

Southern: Plantations, cash crops, slavery, servants

Middle:

New England: natural resources; trees and fishing. Sold and used lumber for building and selling boats. Cash crops. Traded maple syrup & livestock, exports were fish and whaling, bought tools and crops

• Who were some leaders in the 13 colonies?

Southern: JOHN WHITE, POCAHONTAS

JOHN SMITH, CELCILUS CALVERT, JAMES OGLETHORPE, KING GEORGE, QUEEN CHM

Middle: William Penn

New England: JOSH WINTHROP, SQUANTO or TISQUANTUM

Who was Squanto?

SQUANTO or TISQUANTUM- worked out peace with the Pokanokets & Pilgrims. Taught Pilgrims how to farm. Could speak English

Who was John Winthrop?

JOSH WINTHROP-3rd governor of Massachusetts. Bay Colony. “A model of Christian Charity” is his famous sermon

Who was John White?

Roanoke Island leader, left for England for supplies, delayed 3 years, colony abandoned, found the word Croatoan on a tree

Who was Pocahontas and John Smith?

Pocahontas: saved John Smith, Powhatan, married John Rolfe, moved to England, died of disease

John Smith: Jamestown leader, taught farming, “He that will not work, shall not eat.” , build trade w/ Powhatans, Pocahontas saved him

Who was James Oglethorpe?

Georgia colony founder, created strict laws, colonists disagreed, made alcohol & slavery illegal, didn’t allow colonists to buy or sell their land. Lifted these laws in 1700s

Who was King George?

Georgia colony was named after him, hoped to establish a “buffer.”

Who was Queen Consort Henrietta Maria?

province of Maryland was named after her (1632), the British kings wife, Catholic

Who was Celcilus Calvert?

Maryland land grant, Catholic, wanted a Christian Haven

What’s Jamestown?

1st permanent British settlement, founded by Virginia Company of London, 1607, swampy marshlands, many people died (disease, fighting, poor health, lack of food), plantations, servants/slaves, English king as leader in 1646, only 60of the 214settlers survived, House of Burgesses (1619)

• Challenges of colonization for Jamestown

• Never found gold or silver

• Struggled with the Powhatan

• Bad drought

• Starving time (1609-1610)

What groups were involved in the 13 colonies?

Southern: Powhatan

Middle: English, Swedes, Germans, Scot’s, the Dutch, the French, Indigenous people, and slaves

New England: Wampanoag, (Patuxet, Massachnuset, Nipmuck, Pennacook, Penobscot, Passamaquoddy, Quinnipiac) belonged to Algonquin people. 1 of the largest who spoke the same language. Peaceful + violent interactions

Who were the Powhatan people?

Indigenous people, empire-35allied indigenous groups, leader was named Powhatan, tributes to him with food and valuables, Pocahontas, was defeated in the war by the English

Who were the Wampanoag people?

Had the 1st thanksgiving with the Pilgrims

What was the education in the 13 colonies like?

Southern: girls-life/home skills. Wealthy boys-school

Middle: both boys and girls were educated to read, included other races and classes

New England:

What was the government like in the 13 colonies?

Southern: representative government,House of Burgesses (1619)

Middle: William penn wanted a refuge for the quakers

New England: Mayflower Compact 1620 (Plymouth Colony)-wanted to govern themselves, based on voting, “just & equal” laws, agreed to follow, town meetings, elections, democratic republic

What were the Salam witch trials?

During 1692, in Salam village, Puritans, a group of people who were very religious, were living with suspicion of other villagers being witches. The Puritans had a culture of fear, so when 2 Puritan girls started having strange behaviors like twitching & speaking nonsense, they started accusing other Puritans , mostly women who were disliked, that they were behind some witchcraft. These Puritans were looking for citizens who were outsiders, had weird physical evidence like moles, warts, & blemishes, & who had a history of fortune telling, which after the Puritans & Indigenous people accused them, they were sent to trial to see if they were witches, if so, they would either go to prison or worse, be hanged in front of many people.

What was the Mayflower Compact, what is the Mayflower, and who was William Bradford?

Mayflower: English ship-set sail to the New World in 1620, Pilgrims seeking religious freedom, anchored in Cape Cod, many people died (diseases), Plymouth Rock

Mayflower Compact: the agreement of males who signed it to maintain order & to establish rules since they landed outside of Virginia. It was the 1st self government agreement in the English colonies. A governing document, “just & equal laws”, majority rule

William Bradford: leader of Plymouth colony, governor on April 1621, made a governor counsil