Government Midterm 25-26

Moran

Why did the Articles of Confederation fail?

The national government was too weak and had no power to tax or enforce laws.

What event showed the Articles failed?

Shays’ Rebellion

What did Federalists believe?

Strong national government, supported the Constitution, checks and balances.

Who were key Federalists?

Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay.

What did Anti-Federalists believe?

Strong state governments, feared tyranny, wanted a Bill of Rights.

Why did Anti-Federalists oppose the Constitution?

It did not originally protect individual rights.

What is the significance of the 15th Amendment?

Gave African American men the right to vote.

What is the significance of the 19th Amendment?

Gave women the right to vote.

What is the significance of the 24th Amendment?

Banned poll taxes.

What is the significance of the 26th Amendment?

Lowered voting age to 18

How did these amendments change government

Expanded democracy and citizen participation

What is the significance of the 13th Amendment?

Abolished slavery.

What is the significance of the 14th Amendment?

Granted citizenship and equal protection under the law.

What is the significance of the 15th Amendment?

Protected voting rights regardless of race.

What are the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments called?

Reconstruction Amendments.

What is the purpose of the 12th Amendment?

Required separate electoral votes for President and Vice President.

What is the purpose of the 20th Amendment?

Moved presidential inauguration to January 20 to reduce the lame duck period.

What is the purpose of the 22nd Amendment?

Limited the president to two terms.

What is the purpose of the 23rd Amendment?

Gave Washington, DC electoral votes.

What is the purpose of the 25th Amendment?

Established rules for presidential succession and disability.

Why are these amendments grouped together?

They deal with elections, presidential terms, and transitions of power.

What did the 18th Amendment do?

Banned alcohol

What did the 21st Amendment do?

Repealed Prohibition

What is the purpose of checks and balances?

Prevent any branch from becoming too powerful.

Why did the Founding Fathers support checks and balances?

They feared tyranny.

Give an example of checks and balances.

President appoints judges, Senate approves.

What is the significance of Marbury v. Madison?

Established judicial review.

What is judicial review?

Power of courts to declare laws unconstitutional.

Can states have more power than the federal government?

Yes

How did Plessy v. Ferguson extend state power?

Allowed states to enforce segregation laws.

Why is this significant?

It limited federal protection of civil rights.

What is popular sovereignty?

Power comes from the people.

What is limited government?

Government can only do what the Constitution allows.

What is separation of powers?

Power divided into three branches.

What is federalism?

Power shared between state and national governments.

What is judicial review?

Courts can declare laws unconstitutional.

What are the Progressive Era Amendments?

16th, 17th, 18th, 19th.

Why are the progressive era amendments significant?

Expanded democracy and federal power.

What is dual federalism?

State and federal governments have separate powers.

What is cooperative federalism?

State and federal governments share powers.

What is creative federalism?

Federal government directs state programs.

What are expressed powers?

Powers written in the Constitution.

What are implied powers?

Powers suggested by the Constitution

What are inherent powers?

Powers all governments have by nature.

What are reserved powers?

Powers kept by the states.

What did McCulloch v. Maryland decide?

States cannot tax a national bank.

What did Gibbons v. Ogden decide?

Federal government controls interstate commerce.

What did Dred Scott v. Sanford decide?

African Americans were not citizens.

What did Brown v. Board decide?

Segregation in schools is unconstitutional.

What did Tinker v. Des Moines protect?

Student free speech.

What did New Jersey v. TLO establish?

Reasonable suspicion in schools.

What did Miranda v. Arizona establish?

Miranda rights.

What did Gideon v. Wainwright establish?

Right to an attorney.

What are concurrent powers?

Powers shared by state and federal governments.

Who declares war?

Federal government.

Who controls public education?

State governments.