Graphics Programming Flashcards

Flashcards covering the key concepts from the Graphics Programming course notes.

We can use _ to apply transformations to the canvas.

scale(), translate(), and rotate()

The functions _ let us create a sandbox of where transformations and styles will be applied.

push() and pop()

Using the _ keyword, we can define classes in JavaScript.

class

Vectors have a _.

direction and a magnitude

We can create a new vector with _ function.

createVector()

To add two vectors, we use the _ function which is part of the vector.

add()

To subtract two vectors, we use the _ function which is part of the vector.

sub()

To scale a vector, we can multiply or divide the vector by a scaler. We can achieve this with _ functions.

mult() and div()

We can get the magnitude of a vector with _.

mag()

We can normalize a vector with _.

normalize()

Acceleration is the _ of an object over time.

rate of change of velocity

Velocity is the _ of an object over time.

rate of change of the location

A force is _.

A vector that causes an object with mass to accelerate

Newton’s Second Law is _.

Force = Mass × Acceleration

To implement Newton’s Second Law in P5.js we will simply _.

add all forces acting on an object to the object’s acceleration

In P5.js, gravity is essentially _.

a vector without an x component

To calculate friction we first get the _ vector.

velocity

Collision detection is the _.

computational problem of detecting the intersection of two or more objects

To manage the complexity, the Collision detection problem is broken down into two phases: _.

Broad and Narrow

A physics engine _.

simplifies the work of simulating physical forces and interactions

_ is a simple library implementing a 2D physics engine.

Matter.js

Matter.js also has the hability of giving bodies _.

angular velocity

_ refers to art that has been created with the use of an autonomous system.

Generative Art

Generative Art can be employed in procedural generation of game maps. For example, that was used in the old _ game in the form of an LFSR for generating the maps and enemies in a quasi-random method.

River Raid

_ is one of the main pillars of genetive art.

randomness

In general, our computers generate what we call _.

pseudorandom numbers

To generate pseudorandom numbers, such algorithms use an initial value, called the _.

seed

Perlin Noise was created by _ in the early 1980s, first used in the film Tron (1982).

Ken Perlin

In the _, points are determined by the distance from the origin in an angle from the polar axis.

Polar Coordinate system

So far we have been dealing only with _, which is similar to Cartesian Coordinates.

Screen Coordinates

Given a right-angle triangle with angle φ, we can state the following _.

sin φ = opposite hypotenuse, cos φ = adjacent hypotenuse, tan φ = opposite adjacent

In a Polar Coordinate system, the radial coordinate is often denotes by and the angle .

r and θ

The wave that is formed by plotting the sine function has an _.

amplitude and a period

_ denotes where the object is in the cycle.

phase

For occasions when we want to add sine waves together and, perhaps, add noise on top, we can use _.

additive synthesis

A _ is a geometric shape that can be split into parts, each of which is a smaller version of the whole.

fractal

_ discusses his experience being an independent game developer.

Alan Zucconi

_ discusses his experience being a computational artist and educator. He has worked as a computer graphics supervisor for the Matrix films and Avatar.

Andy Lomas

As a primer, the 3D graphics in our scene will be rendered by _.

WebGL

The simplest material is the _ which assigns a color relative to the object center for every 3D vertex.

Normal Material

To change the camera settings, we use the _ function which takes three pa- rameters: Position, Viewing Direction, and Up Direction.

camera()

There are four characteristics of perspective: _.

Field of View, Aspect Ratio, Near Plane, and Far Plane

_ is a combination of multiple wavelengths.

Daylight (or white light)

Our eyes have three photosensitive receptors: _.

Rods, Cones, and intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells

The _ colourspace is referred to as an Additive Colour system.

RGB

The _ space is a little easier than RGB, for finding a specific color.

HSB (Hue Saturation Brightness)

There are three main colour harmonies: _.

complementary, triadic, and analogous

There are two general categories of images: _.

bitmaps and vector images

PNG is an open standard which supports an extra channel, the _ channel, for transparency.

alpha

Bitmaps are made of _.

pixels

Pixels are displayed in a grid with (0, 0) being the top-left corner, however they are stored in memory as a _.

long array

_ encompasses any application of Computer Algorithms to process digital images.

Digital Image Processing

The _ will invert all colours in every pixel.

invert filter

This filter should result in an image without any saturation in any of the colors. The simplest way to get there is by _.

averaging all three color channels

The _ will force pixels above a threshold to white and pixels below the threshold, to black

threshold filter

In 2D convolutions, we produce _ which are matrices.

kernels (or masks)

The _ discovers the boundaries between regions in an image and helps us separate objects from the background.

edge detection filter

The _ is the opposite of the blur filter.

Sharpen filter

_ is about being able to process video/image data in a way that allows a computer to make decisions.

Computer Vision

The first Computer vision technique we look at is _.

brightness tracking

In colour tracking, we rely on the _ to calculate how the pixel color is from a given color.

Euclidean Distance

_ allows us to find people or other objects in a scene by identifying which pixels belong to the background.

Background Subtraction

_ is used for detecting movement.

Frame Differencing

_ is defined as the apparent motion of pixels on an image.

Optical flow

Most optical flow algorithms also work with _, since color is not important

grayscale images

If _, optical flow can be used to estimate the camera movement and, therefore, offset the image and stabilize it.

the camera is moving

_ is a technique for detecting the presence of a face in a scene.

Face Detection