NBE- Sciences 2022 12.3

Accessory

(auxillary) this term is applied to a lesser structure that resembles a similar organ in structure and function, such as the accessory pancreatic duct.

Albumin

a protein found in blood plasma.

Alimentary canal

the digestive system tube from the mouth to the anus, including the mouth or buccal cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines.

Anatomy

the branch of science dealing with the study of the structure of the body.

Anastomoses

connection between vessels; union of two vessels going to the same body part.

Anterior (ventral)

before or in front of; refers to the front side of the body or structure.

Appendicular skeleton

the 126 bones that make up the pectoral girdle, upper extremities,pelvic girdle, and

lower extremities.

Articulation

the connection between two or more bones; a joint.

Axial skeleton

the 80 bones composing the skull, vertebrae, thorax and hyoid bone; the central structure to which the appendicular skeleton is attached.

Bilateral symmetry

refers to the symmetry of paired organs, or to an organism whose right and left halves are similar images of each other; i.e., in which a median section divides the organism into equivalent right and left

Biliary

pertaining to bile.

Biliary tract

the organs (liver and gall bladder) and ducts that participate in the secretion, storage, and delivery of bile to the duodenum.

Bladder

a membranous sac or receptacle for a secretion or excretion.

Buccal

relating to the cheek or mouth

Cardiology

the study of the heart

Carotid canal

the canal or passageway in the temporal bone through which the internal carotid artery passes.

Central

situated at or pertaining to a center or central point.

Colon

the part of the large intestine beginning with the ascending colon and ending with the sigmoid colon.

Conchae

ridges in the walls of the nasal cavity.

Condyle

a curved protuberance at the end of a bone forming part of an articulation.

Cortex

the outer layer of an organ as distinguished from the inner medulla, as in the adrenal gland, kidney, or cerebrum.

Curvature

a normal or abnormal bending away; an arc.

Cystic

of or pertaining to a sac - like structure; e.g., the gallbladder or the urinary bladder.

Deep

below the surface, or toward the central part of a structure.

Detoxification

reduction of the harmful properties of a poisonous substance.

Distal

farther away from the point of attachment or from the trunk; opposite of proximal

Dorsal

posterior; toward the back; opposite of anterior Eminence - a prominence or projection, i.e., of a bone.

Endocrine

pertaining to a ductless gland that secretes directly into the bloodstream.

Exocrine

pertaining to a gland that delivers its secretion through a duct.

External

pertaining to the exterior; the opposite of internal.

External auditory meatus

the lateral, outer opening of the ear or auditory canal.

Fontanel

a temporarily unossified area on the surface of the cranium of an infant

Fossa

a shallow depression.

Gland

a secretory organ or structure that can manufacture a secretion.

Heterocrine

a gland that has both endocrine and exocrine functions, such as the pancreas

Histology

the study of tissues.

Inferior

beneath; lower; the undersurface of an organ, or a structure below another structure. The opposite of superior.

Integumentary

relating to the outer surface of a structure i.e., the skin and its components.

Internal

within the body; within or on the inside; the opposite of external.

Islets of Langerhans (pancreatic Islets)

clusters of cells in the pancreas which produce insulin.

Joint

the connection between two bones; an articulation.

Lateral

pertaining to the side of the body; away from the median plane.

Lobes

well- defined parts of an organ separated by boundaries.

Mandibular fossa

the depression in the temporal bone into which the condyle of the mandible fits.

Meatus

a passage or opening through a bone.

Medial

pertaining to the middle; toward the median plane of the body.

Medulla

the inner or central portion of an organ in contrast to the outer portion or cortex.

Myology

the study of muscles.

Nares

openings of the nose, as in the nostrils (anterior nares), and/or posterior nares.

Nasal septum

the partition that divides the nasal cavities.

Neurology

the study of the nervous system.

Oral

pertaining to the mouth.

Orifice

the entrance or outlet of any anatomical structure; an opening.

Ossicles

any small bone, e.g, the three bones of the middle ear.

Parietal

pertaining to, or forming, the wall of a cavity; e.g, the parietal pleura.

Pectoral

pertaining to the front of the chest, e.g., pectoralis major muscle.

Peripheral

located at, or pertaining to, the outer surface of the body or body part; located away from the center.

Perpendicular

at right angles to another surface.

pH (potential of hydrogen)

a number signifying the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, e.g., pH of blood.

Portal

an entrance to an organ, e.g., the hepatic portal system into the liver.

Posterior (dorsal)

behind or in back of; refers to the back side of the body or structure; opposite of anterior.

Protuberance

an anatomic landmark that appears as a blunt projection, like a knob.

Proximal

nearest to the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk of the body, the opposite of distal.

Pubic symphysis

the slightly movable junction of the anterior portion of the os coxae.

Pyloric sphincter

the smooth muscle around the exit of the stomach into the duodenum.

Reproductive

pertaining to or related to reproduction.

Respiratory

referring to the organ system that carries out gas exchange, e.g., inhalation and exhalation.

Salivary

pertaining to, or the formation of saliva.

Salivary gland

one of the three pair of glands that secretes saliva into the mouth.

Septum

a wall dividing two cavities

Serum

blood plasma, excluding the clotting factors; the watery, amber - colored portion of the blood after coagulation occurs.

Sesamold bone

bone shaped like a sesame seed; a bone embedded in a tendon. The patella is the largest of these.

Sinus

a paranasal cavity within a bone; a dilated channel for venous blood, as in coronary sinus and dural sinus.

Skeletal

pertaining to the bones of the body.

Sphincter

a circular muscle constricting an orifice.

Superficial

pertaining to or situated near the surface of the body or body part.

Superior

toward the top of the head. a structure situated above another structure. The opposite of inferior.

Suprarenal (adrenal)

located on the superior portion of the kidney.

Sutural

relating to the line of union in an immovable articulation, such as between the cranial bones.

Symphysis

a joint in which the bones are connected by fibrocartilage, e.g., the pubic symphysis.

System

a group of organs arranged for the performance of a specific function.

Tunic

a covering or layer.

Urinary

pertaining to the secretion or storage of urine.

Urinary system

composed of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra, the function of which Is to filter wastes from the blood stream.

Valve

any one of various membranous structures in a hollow organ or passage that temporarily closes to permit the flow of fluid in one direction only.

Vascular

pertaining to or composed of vessels.

Vascular system

the blood vessels, including arteries, capillaries, and veins, and lymphatics, e.g., the circulatory system.

Ventral

located toward the front of the body; anterior.

Vermiform appendix

a narrow, worm - shaped tube connected to the cecum.

Visceral

pertaining to the internal organs contained within a cavity.

Viscosity

Resistance to flow of a liquid, as in the blood.

Zygomatic

pertaining to the cheek bone.

Acids

a substance that ylelds hydrogen or hydronium lons in aqueous solution.

Adipocere (gravewax)

a wax-like material produced by saponification of body fat in a body buried in alkaline soil.

Alcohols

an organic compound containing one or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups.

Aldehyde

an organie compound containing one or more -CHO groups.

Amines

an organic compound containing nitrogen; any compounds formed from ammonia by replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms by organic radicals. The general formula for primary amines is R-NH2.

Amine acid

the bullding blocks of proteins; a compound containing an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl (-COOH) group attached to an alpha carbon and a radical.

Amphoteric

any compound that can act as both an acid and a base in solution. (Amino acid).