ART 431 (ADAMS CSUF) - FINAL EXAM REVIEW

Terribilitá - which artwork best represents this?

a quality ascribed to his art that provokes terror, awe, or a sense of the sublime in the viewer, TERRIBLENESS, HIGH SENSE OF INTELLIGENCE AND GENIUS WITH A POWERFUL TEMPER * MOSES - TOMB OF JULIUS II *

The Evolution of Saint Peter's - which High Renaissance architects work on this project? Who commissioned its construction? How were funds raised to pay for construction?

Bramante and Michelangelo, Pope Julius II, sale of indulgences

Martin Luther - why did Luther act against the Catholic church?

drew up 95 theses condemning the Catholic Church for its corrupt practice of selling indulgences (forgiveness of sins)

Reformation, Counter-Reformation - what is it? How did it impact the art of the time?

While the Protestants largely removed public art from religion and moved towards a more "secular" style of art, embracing the concept of glorifying God through depictions of nature, the Counter-Reformation Catholic Church promoted art with "sacred" or religious content.

The Sack of Rome and what year?

410 AD (AUGUST), An army of more than 20,000 soldiers invaded Rome—the Eternal City—and violently looted and pillaged it for over a month.

Artistic rivalries

Michelangelo, Leonardo, Raphael, Titian

Artistic Patronage in Rome - why did Rome become the most important city for patronage? who became the first and most important art patron?

Rome: most powerful center of patronage in Italy, Julius sets this up; Lorenzo di Medici

What was the artistic goals of Julius II?

served political, spiritual and aesthetic purposes, modeled his patronage practices on those of his uncle Pope Sixtus IV and began amassing large personal and public art collections and commissioning numerous civic and religious buildings

Bacchus

Artist: Michelangelo

Location: Bargello National Museum

Medium: Marble

Patron: Cardinal Raffaele Riario

Important Info:

B=god of wine

Not typical of how M. approaches the main body

Erratic and unstable

A lil drunk

Likes to depict bodies and pose them under physical or mental distress

Satyr = half man half goat

Who made Bacchus?

Michelangelo

Pieta

Artist: Michelangelo

Location: St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City

Medium: Marble

Patron: Cardinal Jean de Bilhères

Important Info:

Why does Mary look youthful? To reflect no passage of time in her face

Why does she have so much drapery? Made to compensate for the visual weight and balance to support JC on her lap

How does it differ from previous portrayals? jesus and mary look calm and restful

Who made Pieta?

Michelangelo

David

Artist: Michelangelo

Location: outside the Palazzo Vecchio

Medium: Marble

Patron: Medici Family

Important Info:

How does David differ from previous portrayals? Over-emphasized features (head and hands)

Where was David originally going to be placed? Why? Buttress in the Florence Cathedral to be highly visible but was too heavy

Who made David?

Michelangelo

Who made Marriage of the Virgin?

Raphael

Marriage of the Virgin

Artist: Raphael

Location: Pinacoteca di Brera

Medium: Oil Paint

Patron: Filippo degli Albezzini

Important Info:

*What was the artist best known for? ability to assimilate the styles of other artists*

Symmetrical, logical

Mirrored figures on both sides

Linear perspective, door = vanishing point

orthogonals

Being joined by the priest (mary and joseph not touching)

Conveys renaissance ideals

Signed his name on the building above the doorway

St. George and the Dragon

Artist: Raphael

Location: National Gallery of Art

Medium: Oil Paint

Patron: Guidobaldo da Montefeltro (Duke of Urbino)

Important Info:

Which artist likely inspired this work? Leonardo and Donatello

Who made St. George and the Dragon?

Raphael

Madonna of the Meadow

Artist: Raphael

Location: Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna

Medium: Oil on Panel

Patron: Taddeo Taddei

Important Info:

Pyramidal composition

John the Baptist (left) and JC (right)

Landscape

Atmospheric perspective

Mary is the focal point

Graceful, loving touch rather than the traditional presentational vibe (harmonious)

All the elements work together = raphael

Who made Madonna of the Meadow?

Raphael

Tempietto

Artist: Bramante

Location: San Pietro in Montorio, Rome

Medium: bearing masonry

Patron: SPANISH MONARCHS (Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain)

Important Info:

religious site

centrally planned building

proportions are classically inspired

(brunelleschi vibes)

TOMB FOR ST PETER

Why is the location significant? Marks the place believed to be where St. Peter was crucified

Who made Tempietto?

Bramante

Tomb of Pope Julius II (Reconstruction of the tomb of Julius II)

Artist: Michelangelo

Location: Originally intended for St. Peter's Basilica, the structure was instead placed in the church of San Pietro in Vincoli on the Esquiline in Rome

Medium: Marble

Patron: n/a

Important Info:

*How long did it take M to complete? 40 years *

*How did the commission change after the death of Julius? a simple wall tomb with fewer than one-third of the figures originally planned*

Who made the Tomb of Pope Julius II?

Michelangelo

Moses

Artist: Michelangelo

Location: San Pietro in Vincoli on the Esquiline in Rome

Medium: Marble

Patron: Julius II

Important Info:

*Why did the artist make this work? for Pope Julius's tomb*

*Why does the figure have horns? chapter 34 of Exodus in the Vulgate (latin Bible)*

*What is he holding in his hands? his beard and the tablets of law* TERRIBILITÀ

Sistine Ceiling

Artist: Michelangelo

Location: Sistine Chapel

Medium: FRESCO (Plaster, Gold)

Patron: Pope Julius II

Important Info:

Where is it located? Sistine Chapel, Vatican City How did M approach the project? created special scaffolding

Who made Moses?

Michelangelo

Who made the Sistine Ceiling?

Michelangelo

Creation of Adam

Artist: Michelangelo

Location: Sistine Chapel, Vatican City

Medium: Fresco

Patron: Pope Julius II

Important Info:

What is the theme? God is bestowing the gift of intellect to Adam

Who made the Creation of Adam?

Michelangelo

School of Athens

Artist: Raphael

Location: Raphael Rooms

Medium: Fresco

Patron: Pope Julius II

Important Info:

classical architecture, invented building, grand setting

*What is the purpose of the room for which this work was created? Stanza della Segnatura (WHERE DOCUMENTS ARE SIGNED)*

*What are the themes? Philosophy, R's vision of the world of Humanist thought

MAN AS AN INDIVIDUAL IS CAPABLE TO THINK FOR HIMSELF AND MAKE CHOICES HIM AND HIS POTENTIAL = HUMANISM*

*Iconographic features? idealized portraits of Raphael's contemporaries representing the major figures of classical wisdom and science (plato and aristotle)*

Who. made School of Athens?

Raphael

Sistine Madonna

Artist: Raphael

Location: San Sisto Piacenza (moved to Dresden)

Medium: Oil on canvas

Patron: Pope Julius

Important Info:

possibly meant to decorate the tomb of Julius II

St. Sixtus patron saint of della Rovere family

St. Barbara, patron saint of military man

originally going to be placed near a crucifixition

Who are the figures in the painting? Madonna, holding Christ Child and flanked by Saint Sixtus and Saint Barbara

Who made the Sistine Madonna?

Raphael

Pastoral Concert

Artist: Giorgione

Location: Louvre, Paris

Medium: Oil on canvas

Patron: unknown

Important Info:

What was this work inspired by? Virgil's Eclogues

Who made Pastoral Concert?

Giorgione

Sleeping Venus

Artist: Giorgione (completed by Titian)

Location: Dresden

Medium: oil on canvas

Patron: Isabella d'Este and Taddeo Albano

Important Info:

What is a cassone? marriage chest that holds clothing, fabrics and valuables

Who made Sleeping Venus?

Giorgione (completed by Titian)

Venus of Urbino

Artist: Titian

Location: Uffizi

Medium: Oil on canvas

Patron: n/a

Important Info:

Who conceived the pose of the reclining nude? Giorgione (Sleeping Venus)

Who made Venus of Urbino?

Titian

What made Venice a prosperous city?

Venice grew in both wealth and power due to its ability to control trade between Europe and the Middle East

What influenced Venetian art?

strongly influenced by the Byzantine use of bright colors and gold in church mosaics

Venice in the Sixteenth Century pg. 357-358, 362-363 and pg. 370

(how does it differ from Florentine artists?)

Oil painting characteristics

Line v. color

Venetian artist's rendition of human body

Last Judgement

Artist: Michelangelo

Location: Sistine Chapel, Vatican City

Medium: Fresco

Patron: Pope Clement VII and Pope Paul III

Important Info: depiction of the Second Coming of Christ and the final and eternal judgment by God of all humanity, M began working on it 25 years after having finished the Sistine Chapel ceiling, and was nearly 67 at its completion

Who made Last Judgement?

Michelangelo

Madonna of the Long Neck

Artist: Parmigianino

Location: Uffizi, Florence

Medium: Oil on wood

Patron: Ferdinando de' Medici

Important Info:

*how is the title referenced in the artwork? called Madonna of the Long Neck because "the painter, in his eagerness to make the Holy Virgin look graceful and elegant, has given her a neck like that of a swan What pose is present in this image that was made popular in Mannerist painting? FIFURA SERPENTINATA (used to describe a human figure which spirals around a central axis, so that the lower limbs face in one direction and the torso almost in the opposite direction, in a graceful if sometimes contorted pose)*

Who made Madonna of the Long Neck?

Parmigianino

Portrait of Eleonora de Toledo with her son Giovanni

Artist: Bronzino

Location: Uffizi, Florence

Medium: Oil on canvas

Patron: Medici

Important Info:

What is the significance of the inclusion of the child? implies Medici's rule would bring stability to the duchy who is the woman in the painting? Eleanor of Toledo (wife of Cosimo I de' Medici)

Who made Portrait of Eleonora de Toledo with her son Giovanni?

Bronzino

An Allegory with Venus and Cupid

Artist: Bronzino

Location: National Gallery, London

Medium: Oil on wood

Patron: Cosimo I de Medici or Francesco Salviati

Important Info:

*Who are the main figures? Venus, Cupid, Folly, and Time*

figura serpentinata form, displays the ambivalence, eroticism, and obscure imagery that are characteristic of the Mannerist period, and of Bronzino's master Pontormo

Who made An Allegory with Venus and Cupid?

Bronzino