EX. 27 PT. 1 Hypothalamus/pituitary gland

ventral neurons

paraventricular nuclei

supraoptic nuclei

what does the supraoptic nuclei in the hypothalamus contain

ADH (some oxytocin), released via posterior pituitary gland

what does the paraventricular nuclei in the hypothalamus contain

oxytocin (some ADH), released via posterior pituitary gland

what do the ventral neurons in the hypothalamus contain

releasing and inhibiting hormones bound for the anterior pituitary gland.

RELEASING:

• TRH

• GHRH

• CRH

• GnRH

INHIBITING:

• PIH

(the great crow grows peaches)

infundibulum

where do stimulating hormones come from

anterior pituitary gland

what are the stimulating hormones (released by anterior pituitary gland)

• TSH

• FSH + LH

• ACTH

• GH

• PRL

the anterior pituitary gland is mostly made up of what

cells

the posterior pituitary gland is made up of mostly what

neurons

anterior pituitary gland/ adenohypophysis

what are tropic hormones? which hormones are? (from anterior pitutary gland)

hormones that affect other endocrine glands.

• TRH

• FSH + LH

• ACTH

what are non-tropic hormones? which hormones are? (from anterior pituitary)

hormones that do NOT effect other endocrine glands

• GH

• PRL

secretory cells of adenohypophysis (ant. pit)

neurohypophysis/ posterior pituitary (storage area for hypothalamic hormones)

what does the posterior pituitary gland store/release

• ADH

• Oxytocin

hypophyseal portal system

primary capillary plexus

hypophyseal portal veins

secondary capillary plexus

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)- STIMULUS

thyrotropin- releasing hormone (TRH) from hypothalamus

Thyroid-stimulating hormone(TRH)- TARGET

thyroid gland

thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)- EFFECTS

stimulates the secretion of thyroid hormones (t3 and t4)

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)- STIMULUS

gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from hypothalamus

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)- TARGET

ovaries and testes (gonads)

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)- EFFECTS

FEMALES: stimulates ovarian follice maturation and estrogen production

MALES: stimulates sperm production

lutenizing hormone (LH)- STIMULUS

gonadotropin- releasing hormone (GnRH)

lutenizing hormone (LH)- TARGET

ovaries and testes (gonads)

lutenizing hormone (LH)- EFFECTS

FEMALES: triggers ovulation and stimulates ovarian production of estrogen and progesterone

MALES: stimulates testosterone production

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)- STIMULUS

corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)- TARGET

adrenal cortex

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)- EFFECTS

stimulates the release of glucocorticoids and androgens (mineralocorticoids)

growth hormone (GH)- STIMULUS

growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)

growth hormone (GH)- TARGET

liver, muscle, bone, and cartilage

growth hormone (GH)- EFFECTS

stimulates body growth and protein synthesis, mobilizes fat and conserves glucose

prolactin (PRL)- STIMULUS

a decrease in the amount of prolaction-inhibiting hormone (PIH)

prolactin (PRL)- TARGET

mammary glands in the breasts

prolactin (PRL)- EFFECTS

stimulates milk production (lactation)

where does TRH (thyroid-releasing hormone) come from

hypothalamus (ventral neurons)

where does GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone) come from

hypothalamus (ventral neurons)

where does CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone) come from

hypothalamus (ventral neurons)

where does GHRH (growth hormone releasing hormone) come from

hypothalamus (ventral neurons)

where does PIH (prolactin-inhibiting hormone) come from

hypothalamus (ventral neurons)

where does TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) come from

anterior pituitary gland/ adenohypophysis

where does FSH + LH (follicle stimulating and lutenizing hormone )come from

anterior pituitary gland/ adenohypophysis

where does ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) come from

anterior pituitary gland/ adenohypophysis

whre does GH (growth hormone) come from

anterior pituitary gland/ adenohypophysis

where does prolactin (PRL) come from

anterior pituitary gland/ adenohypophysis

where does oxytocin come from

posterior pituitary gland (from paraventricular nuclei in hypothalamus)

where does ADH come from

posterior pituitary gland (from the supraoptic nuclei in the hypothalamus)

oxytocin STIMULUS

nerve impulses in response to cervical/uterine stretch or suckling of an infant

oxytocin TARGET

uterus and mammary glands

oxytocin EFFECTS

stimulates uterine contractions during birth and stimulates milk ejection

ADH stimulus

nerve impulses in response to increased blood solute concentration or decreased blood volume

ADH target

kidneys

ADH EFFECTS

stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb more water, reduce urine output, and conserving body water