Expository and Persuasive Speech

Expository Speech

Speaking to increase audience's understanding to sustain interest on a topic and increase recall.

Speech of Definition

A speech delivered containing the most basic pieces of information. It is generally given when audiences isn't knowledgeable on the topic.

Speech of Demonstration or Speech of Process

Answers the question “how?”, it gives a step-by-step instruction on how to do something.

Speech of Description

An expository speech that appeals to the five senses by using sensory words. This type of speech uses the most adjectives.

Speech of Explanation

This a speech delivered to answer the question “why?”.

Persuasive Speech

A speech that has the goal to convince others to change their attitude on a certain issue through transmitted message.

Proposition of Fact

A claim that presents verifiable information and based on statistics.

Proposition of Value

A statement that comes from the speaker's values (i.e. their sense of what's right or wrong).

Proposition of Policy

A statement that introduces a law that the speaker believes should be implemented.

Ethos

Related to the physical appearance of the subject.

Pathos

Taps into the audience's emotions.

Logos

A logically sound argument.

Fallacy

Statements that appear correct but wrong if analyzed.

Fallacy

When people run out of things to say, they use _________ to convince other people.

Argumentum ad Hominem

Attacks on the person rather than on the argument or issue. It assassinate the person's character. It is very common during the election period.

Argumentum ad Vercundiam

The use of a person's authority, expertise, or popularity to make an assertion credible. It is often used in situations when the person does not have credibility over a topic (i.e. a celebrity who is naturally white, endorsing a whitening product).

Argumentum ad Misericordiam

The use of pity or sympathy to appeal to one's emotion.

Argumentum ad Populum

The belief that the majority is always right. Similar to how peer pressure works.

Argumentum ad Ignorantum

Absence of knowledge on an issue is used against the person to make a statement correct.

Fallacy of post hoc: ergo, propter hoc

Connecting one event to another when there is no connection at all (i.e. pamahiin).

Fallacy of Complex Question

Asks loaded questions-something that appears to only have one question when there could be two or more.

Fallacy of Petitio Principii

The thing to be proved is the one asserted as true. It means to go in circles or to beg the question (i.e. I am right because I am right).