MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE

The sympathetic Nervous system is most associated with what?

Fight or Flight

Chemicals that produce similar effects to those produced by opiates are called?

Endorphins

After our flight or flight arouses our physiology to meet an external threat, which system returns us to homeostasis.

Parasympathetic

The show down of neural communication in multiple sclerosis involves a degeneration of the

Myelin Sheath

Molecules that are similar enough to a neurotransmitter to bind to its receptor sites on s dendrite and block that neurotransmitters effects are called what?

Antagonists

motor neurons are to the _____ nervous system as interneurons are to the ____ nervous system?

peripheral; central

With respect to the neuron, a receiver is to a transmitter as _____ is to _____

dendrite; axon

Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that travel across the...

synaptic gap

Information is relayed from the body to the spinal cord or the brain by__

sensory neurons

The brain scans of people with anterograde amnesia, the inability to make new long term memories are most likely to show damage to the?

Hippocampus

SOmeone who has difficulty speaking after a stroke is most likely suffering from damage to which of the following areas??

Brocas Area

Which neurotransmitter has been linked to parkinson's disease and schizophrenia?

Dopamine

The rest of time shortly after a neuron fires is referred to as?

Refractory period

Joseph Capgras described a patient who reported that imposters had replaced her husband, children and herself. Her inability to recognize the faces of her close family members or herself suggests that the...

right hemisphere of her brain was damaged

Damage to the left cerebral hemisphere is most likely to reduce people ability to ...

speak fluently

A picture of a cat is briefly flashed in the left visual field and a picture of a mouse is briefly flashed in the right visual field of a split brain patient. The individual will be able to use her??

Right hand to indicate she saw a mouse

Information is most quickly transmitted from one cerebral hemisphere to the other by the?

Corpus Callosum

For the past three months, monroe has been extremely thirsty, freezing and sweating at the same time and extremely hungry. Which part of the brain is responsible for this?

Hypothalamus

Which brain scan measures the amount of glucose in various ares of the brain, allowing researchers to generate a picture of the brains activity levels

Pet scan

after terry lost a dinger in an industrial accident, the areas of his sensory cortex devoted to receiving input from that finger gradually became very responsive to sensory input from his adjacent fingers. This best illustrates...

Plasticity

The cortical regions that are not directly involved in sensory or motor functions are known as

association areas

Our lips are more sensitive than our knees to sensations of touch due to what?

A larger area of the sensory cortex is associated with our lips

TO identify which specific brain areas are most active during a particular mental task , researchers would be most likely to make use of an ??

MRI

The brain structure that provides a major link between the nervous system and the endocrine system is the ??

Hypothalamus

to demonstrate that brain stimulation can make a rat violently aggressive, a neuroscientist should electrically stimulate the rats??

amygdala

To identify which specific brain areas are most active during a particular mental task, researchers would be most likely to make us of an???

fMRI

Once a neuron reaches threshold, regardless of having a strong or weak stimulus it will always fire at the same intensity. This is referred to as the ??

All or none response

In the endocrine system, which is known as the master gland.

Pituitary

What isn't involved in neural firing in the brains?

Moro reflex

When a neuron is excited by a chemical messenger, the change in electrical charge must be researched in order to trigger an action potential is referred to as the ?

Threshold

Hormones transmit signals faster than neurotransmitters do?

TRUE

The correct order of a nerve impulse is?

Resting potential, depolarization, action potential, repolarization, resting potential

Alzheimer's disease is closely linked to the deterioration of neurons that produce ??

Acetylcholine

Children often throw illogical temper tantrums and cannot think about abstract concepts. Which part of their brains is underdeveloped??

frontal lobes

Nick and Joe were in a car accident and boh lost the ability to play the guitar and piano. What areas of the brain may have been damaged since they could no longer produce coordinated movements.

Cerebellum

Which are of the brain acts like a traffic cop directing all sensory signals to the cerebral cortex except smell.

Thalamus

When byron is asked a question, he replies with unrelated words that do not follow grammar rules. Which part of the brain is probably damaged?

Wernicke's Area

A person who has a brain injury is having difficulty seeing and hearing. These symptoms indicate that damage has occured in the?

Occipital and temporal lobes

The localization of a function such as speech production to the right or left aside of the brain is called.

Lateralization

Severing a cats reticular formation from higher brain regions causes the cat to?

Lapse into a coma

Your life would be most immediately threatened if you suffered destruction of the?

Medulla

The excitatory neurotransmitter that increases communication between neurons is called.

Glutamate

People can simultaneously process many aspects of sensory information such as color, shape and size. This best illustrated the functioning of multiple??

Neural Networks

Abnormally low levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin are associated with?

Depression

What is most likely to occur when the brain is repeatedly flooded with artificial opiates?

The brain stops producing endorphins

A bundle of axons that form part of the central nervous system and controls reflexive actions

Spinal cord

A loosely connected network of structures under the cerebral cortex. Important in both memory emotion. Its two principal structures are the amygdala and hippocampus. Whats it called??

Limbic System

The stembike brain area that includes much of the hindbrain (excluding the cerebellum) and the mid brain; connects with the spinal cord at its lower and then extends upward to encase reticular formation in the midbrain.

Hindbrain

This is not apart of a neuron?

Pons

Which part of the peripheral nervous system controls voluntary movements?

Somatic (skeletal)

The brains of patients with Parkinson's disease have little dopamine . Drugs used to treat such patients bind to dopamine receptors, thereby stimulating those receptors. these drugs would be considered????

agonists

Rem rebound involves...

Rem sleep increases the following nights you go to sleep post sleep deprivation.

As inge recalled her dream, she was dancing with a tall, dark gentle man when suddenly the music shifted to metal and the man disappeared according to freud, the dream itself is the ____ content.

manifest content

90 minutes is the average length of...

A human sleep cycle

Consciousness is?

Our awareness of ourselves and our environment

Dr Dayton occasionally stops breathing while sleeping . He wakes up to snort air for a few seconds before going back to sleep.He snores. Clearly he suffers from...

SLeep apnea

Why is rem called paradoxical sleep?

OUr nervous system is highly active while our voluntary muscles barley move.

Research indicates that alcohol...

Disrupts the processing of a recent experience into long term memories

money is to food as _____ is to ______

secondary reinforcer; primary reinforcer

Purchasing state lottery tickets is reinforced with monetary winnings on a _______ schedule

Variable Ratio

Which sleep stage is characterized by delta waves

NREM Stage 3