Fluid Dynamics and Properties of Matter

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the properties of matter, fluid dynamics, pressure, buoyancy, and flow rates based on provided lecture notes.

State of Matter: Solid

Maintains size and shape; almost completely fixed in place.

State of Matter: Liquid

Maintains size but not shape.

State of Matter: Gas

Maintains neither size nor shape.

Fluids

Includes gases and liquids; substances that flow and do not have a fixed shape.

Density

A measure of mass per unit volume, denoted as ρ = M/V.

pressure (P)

Defined as P = F/A, where F is perpendicular force and A is area.

SI Unit of Density

Measured in kg/m3; can also be seen in g/cm3 for convenience.

Buoyant Force (FB)

The net force exerted by a fluid that causes an object to float.

Archimedes Principle

The buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.

Pascal's Principle

An external pressure applied to a confined fluid increases the pressure at every point within the fluid.

Atmospheric Pressure

The pressure exerted by the weight of the atmosphere, equivalent to 1 atm = 1.013 x 10^5 Pa.

Flow Rate (Q)

The volume of fluid flowing past a certain area per unit time, measured in m3/s.

Bernoulli’s Principle

In a fluid flow, an increase in velocity occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure.

Specific Gravity

The ratio of the density of a substance to the density of water at 4°C.

Turbulent Flow

Characterized by erratic, whirlpool-like patterns, opposing streamline or laminar flow.

Incompressible Fluid

A fluid with constant density, where volume does not change significantly under pressure.

Equation of Continuity

States that for an incompressible fluid, the flow rate is constant throughout a pipe, expressed as A1v1 = A2v2.