Industrial Revolution Study Guide

Urbanization

Making an area more urban(city)

Capitalism

Industry and trade are controlled privately for profit, without government interference. 

Socialism

Community ownership; production sites are controlled by the government or cooperatives(anything shared is socialism)

Communism

Government owns production sites/ companies, no more private ownership.

Karl Marx

Advocated for communism, critiqued capitalism.

Adam Smith

Founding father of capitalism.

Steam Power

A major technological advancement that provided an almost limitless source of power.

Henry Ford created the…

Assembly line

Thomas Edison created the…

Light Bulb

Alexander Graham Bell created the…

Telephone

Elisha Otis created the…

Elevator

Wright Brothers created the…

Airplane

James Bessemer created the…

Bessemer process(steel production)

George Eastman created the…

Kodak Camera

James Watt created the…

Steam Engine

What were some of the positive effects of urbanization?

Fresh water, plumbing systems, shops close to home, and entertainment within the city.

What were some of the negative effects of urbanization?

Poor living conditions, poorly built tenements, failing sewage system, pollution, crammed living and diseases.

Which group benefited the most from the Industrial Revolution?

The middle class

Railroads vs Steamboats

Railroads were quicker, more reliable than boats, and helped contribute to industrial growth(were able to transport quicker) but Steamboats were able to travel across water.

Goal of the socialists…

to minimize the gap between the rich and the poor.

Where did the Industrial Revolution begin and why?

Began in England, and began because…

1. Stable Government

2. Capital(money)

3. Resources

What were some of the dangers of factory work?

No breaks or lunches, 12-14 hour shifts everyday and no safety procedures leading to injuries.

What were some pros of the Industrial Revolution?

Greater access to education, better transportation, higher standard of living, and growth of the middle class.

What were some cons of the Industrial Revolution?

Poor working conditions, pollution, rapid urbanization, and population increase.

What was the assembly line?

It was created by Henry Ford and helped create a finished product quicker than hand crafting methods. It also reduced labor hours and increased production in numbers and parts.

What are some pros and cons of Capitalism?

Pros: Lots of innovations. Cons: Competition and lots of poor people(poverty)

What are some pros and cons of Socialism?

Pros: Shared resources and minimizes the gap between rich and poor. Cons: High taxes.

What are some pros and cons of Communism?

Pros: Eliminates competition and equal money. Cons: People are unmotivated to work and no free market.

Government owns all property

Communism

No private ownership

Communism

Lack of choice in consumer products

Communism

Profit motive

Capitalism

Private ownership of property and businesses

Capitalism

Free market economy

Capitalism

Limited competition because everyone works to meet community needs

Socialism

Societal values determine what is produced

Socialism

Most property is shared by the community

Socialism