CHAPTER 23 MICRO

What are the two types of eukaryotic parasites?

Protozoa and helminths.

What is the active feeding state of protozoa called?

Trophozoite.

What is the dormant, protective state of protozoa called?

Cyst.

What are the four movement methods used by protozoa?

Cilia, flagella, amoeboid movement, and no structure for movement.

Which protozoa causes bloody diarrhea and can perforate the large intestine?

Entamoeba histolytica.

Which protozoa causes a deadly brain infection, rapid destruction of the CNS, resulting in death?

Naegleria fowleri.

Which protozoa causes foul-smelling vaginal discharge?

Trichomonas vaginalis.

What causes 'beaver fever'?

Giardia lamblia.

What protozoan causes African sleeping sickness?

Trypanosoma brucei.

Which protozoan causes malaria?

Plasmodium malariae.

Which protozoan can cause fetal abnormalities or miscarriage?

Toxoplasma gondii.

How is Trypanosoma brucei transmitted?

Tsetse fly bite.

How is Plasmodium malariae transmitted?

Mosquito bite.

How is Toxoplasma gondii transmitted?

Cat feces or undercooked meat.

How is Naegleria fowleri transmitted?

Through the nose from contaminated water.

How is Giardia lamblia transmitted?

Ingesting contaminated water.

Where is Trypanosoma brucei endemic?

Africa.

What is a known reservoir for Giardia lamblia?

Beavers.

What are the three helminth body types?

Nematode (roundworm), trematode (non-segmented flatworm), cestode (segmented flatworm).

What is the correct life cycle sequence of a helminth?

egg → larva → adult

What do you call a worm that can self-fertilize because it has both male and female organs?

Hermaphrodite.

What worm lives in the small intestine and causes the most worm infections globally?

Ascaris lumbricoides.

What worm causes rectal prolapse and dysentery in children?

Trichuris trichiura.

What worm causes anal itching and is common in children?

Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworm).

What worm causes bloody diarrhea and anemia?

Necator americanus (Hookworm).

What worm encysts in muscles and causes muscle pain?

Trichinella spiralis.

What worm causes elephantiasis by blocking lymph vessels?

Wuchereria bancrofti.

How is Ascaris lumbricoides transmitted?

Ingestion of contaminated food/water.

How is Trichuris trichiura transmitted?

Ingestion of contaminated food/water.

How is Enterobius vermicularis transmitted?

Ingestion or contact with contaminated surfaces.

How is Necator americanus transmitted?

Skin contact with contaminated soil.

How is Trichinella spiralis transmitted?

Eating undercooked pork.

How is Wuchereria bancrofti transmitted?

Mosquito bite.

What is the life cycle of Schistosoma?

Snails → Liver → Blood.

What do Taenia saginata use to attach to the intestine?

Hooks and suckers.

How is Taenia saginata transmitted?

Eating undercooked beef.

What is the common name for Taenia saginata?

Tapeworm.

What is the common name for Trichuris trichiura?

Whipworm.

What is the common name for Enterobius vermicularis?

Pinworm.

What is the common name for Necator americanus?

Hookworm.

Acanthamoeba

Causes eye infection when swimming.

Balantidium coli

Causes nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.