Biomechanics & Cueing

If a pt has deficits in capacity and strategy, what should be addressed first?

Capacity

What is motor learning?

Relatively permanent change int he capability to perform a motor skill that results from practice or experience

What are the 5 characteristics of motor learning?

1. Motor learning is an internal process

2. Motor learning is a set of processes

3. Motor learning is the process of forming motor habits

4. Motor learning is relatively permanent

5. Motor learning is not a value that can be negative

What are the stages of motor learning? Describe them

1. Cognitive “what to do”

   1. Conveyance and acquisition of new info

   2. Trial and error

   3. Learning skill objectives

   4. Organizing info

   5. Processing environmental variables

   6. Understanding skill

2. Associate “How to do it”

   1. Translation of declarative knowledge into procedural knowledge

   2. Difficult and awkward

   3. Practice phase

   4. Proprioceptive/motor

   5. Chunking

   6. Eliminating mistakes

   7. Improving selective attention focus

3. Autonomous “Do it”

   1. Performance

   2. State of flow

   3. habitual

   4. Ability to self correct

   5. Unconscious

   6. Cognitive demands are minimal

What is dual tasking?

The concurrent performance of two tasks that can be performed independently, measured separately, and have distinct goals

What are some risks of cognitive inactivity?

• Pruning unused cognitive faculties

• Dual task/distraction intolerance

• Senescence (accelerated aging)

• Degenerative disease (AD, MCI, FTD)

Dual tasking involves what regions of the brain?

• DLPFC (goal-based representation)

• BG (Procedural memory center)

What location of the brain draws on past experiences to offload attention centers?

Procedural memory centers

What happens immediately following an injury?

1. Disrupted CNS afferent input

2. Loss in somatosensory signaling

3. Increased nociceptor activity

   1. Pain

   2. Inflammation

4. Motor control adaptations

Without our somatosensory system, what system do we rely more on?

Vision

What is the function of the lingual gyrus?

Visual processing of movement

A decrease in somatosensory input results in what changes in the brain/body?

• Increased motor planing adaptations

• Increased cortical involvement and cognitive processing

• Increased visual reliance

Define an internal focus of attention

Athlete is more focused on their own body’s movements and has a conscious awareness of the injured joint

Which kind of cueing results in greater muscle activity?

IFA

Define an external focus of attention

Athlete focuses on the desired outcome or environment

What are the different types of external focus?

1. Implicit learning

2. Visual external cues and modified visual feedback

3. Auditory external cues

What are some different ways to modify visual feedback?

1. Modify vision

2. Direction visual disruption

3. Visual motor training

4. Indirect visual distraction

What are the goals of stage 1 of EFA/NM training in the acute phase?

• manage effusion

• Restore ROM

• Facilitate active quad contraction

What are the goals of stage 2 of EFA/NM training in the post-acute phase?

• Muscle strength and hypertrophy

• Motor planning

• Dynamic loading progression

What are the goals of stage 3 of EFA/NM training?

• Plyometric/RFD

• Running/agility/cutting

• Sport specific training

What are the goals of stage 4 of EFA/NM training in the RTS phase?

• High intensity running/cutting

• Open field decision making

• Position specific training

Does an IFA promote a top down or bottom up approach?

Top down which means movements are NOT autonomous