Plant bio lec 3

what are the three key differences between plant and animal cells

large central vacuole, cell wall, and plastids

what is a protoplast

everything in the cell besides the cell wall

the nuclear envelope contains what

nuclear genome in chromosomes

what is the nucleus involved in making

ribosomes

haploid

one of each chromosome per cell

diploid

two of each chromosome per cell

polypoid

three or more of each chromosome per cell

plastid is also known as what

chloroplast

stroma

the fluid filling the space inside a plastid

grana

stacks of thylakoids

the chlorophyll and accessory pigments are embedded in

thylakoids

what increases the efficiency of photosynthesis

greater surface area

storage products are also storing

storage products

a plastid has its own —-

genome

what similarity to bacteria’s genome do plastids share

circular genome, no histones, and smaller ribosomes

how is a plastid’s genome inherited

maternally

chromoplasts

pigment containing structures that have functions not fully understood, can be formed from chloroplasts, leucoplasts, or proplastids

leucoplasts

no pigments, synthesize and store starch, also some oil and protiens

proplastids

small undifferentiated plastids in meristem

the folds in mitochondria are called

cristae

what besides cellular respiration are mitochondria involved in

programmed cell death

what is key parts of the mitochondria’s genome

circular

no histones

ribosomes are small similar to bacteria

maternally inherited

endosymbiotic theory

the theory that chloroplasts and mitochondria genomes originate from endosymbiotic bacteria

peroxisomes are involved in what

photorespiration

vacuole

maintain tissue rigidity, pressure along with storage of energy, waste, recycling

the membrane of a vacuole is called a

tonoplast

the expansion of the vacuole does what to the cell

maintains cell shape

besides storage and rigidity what does the vacuole do

help with cell expansion due to being able to grow quickly

the golgi does what

secrete and synthesize polysaccharides

what are the two main protein filaments in the cytoskeleton

microtubules and actin

microtubules

cell growth and division, movement of Golgi vesicles, flagella, and cilla

actin filaments

cell wall deposition, pollen tube growth, nucleus movement during mitosis, organizing the endoplasmic reticulum, movement of organelles, cytoplasmic streaming

cytoplasmic streaming

the directed flow of cytoplasm to transport organelles and molecules

cell wall

contain cellulose and contain pectin’s that bind cell walls together

plasmodesmata

holes in cel wall for cell to cell communication

difference between mitosis in plant and animal cells

phragmoplast and cell plate