Chapter 10 : Intelligence, Problem Solving and Creativity

What is intelligence?

A set of cognitive skills that includes abstract thinking, reasoning, problem solving and the ability to acquire knowledge.

Less agreed on qualities of intelligence includes?

Mathematical ability, general knowledge, and creativity

What are the two distinct views about understanding intelligence?

One view argues intelligence is a single, relatively fixed, general ability. The other view argues intelligence is consists of multiple abilities that are open to change over time.

Charles Spearman believed what kind of view about intelligence

He believed intelligence is a single, fixed, general capacity or ability.

Verbal, spatial and quantitative intelligence are examples of?

Three dimensions of intelligence that correlate with each other.

The ability to solve problems and analyze information using language based reasoning is what type of intelligence?

Verbal intelligence

Knowledge of vocabulary and capacities for producing and comprehending written or spoken language is a part of?

Verbal intelligence

The ability or mental skill to solve spatial problems like navigating and visualizing objects from different angles is what kind of intelligence?

Spatial intelligence

The ability to reason and solve problems by using mathematical operations and using logic is what kind of intelligence?

Quantitative intelligence

What is g factor theory?

Its the name for Charles Spearmans theory, it describes intelligence as a single, general and global factor made up of specific components.

Raw mental ability, pattern recognition, and abstract reasoning applied to problems you’ve never encountered before are examples of what type of intelligence?

Fluid intelligence

Why does fluid intelligence use the word fluid in its name?

Because it involves new problems that require flexable solutions.

Fluid intelligence is not influenced by culture, the size of your vocabulary or even how much knowledge you already have. Instead fluid intelligence is made up of?

How fast you can learn things

What is a commonly used measure of fluid intelligence in a person?

Raven’s progressive matrices test

Why is matrix reasoning part of fluid intelligence?

Because it doesn’t depend on acquired knowledge, it depends on the ability to find patterns.

Using already learned skills, experience, and knowledge are examples of what type of intelligence?

Crystallized intelligence

What’s a difference between fluid intelligence and crystalized intelligence?

Crystalized intelligence is influenced by knowledge of culture, size of vocabulary, experience, and environment, unlike fluid intelligence, that does not.

Knowing who the third president of the United States was is an example of?

Crystalized intelligence

What abilities are developed through learning and practice?

All of them

What did John Carroll believe about intelligence?

Believed that intelligence a hierarchy of three levels, general knowledge at the top, broad knowledge in the middle and narrow knowledge at the bottom.

Knowledge-based crystalized intelligence keeps improving overtime for how long?

It keeps improving until middle age, specifically our vocabulary and short term memory (digit span and visual problems) and stays at a constant improvement until it dips at age 65.

What is successful intelligence?

A set of cognitive and information processing skills needed for success in life.

What are the three correlated but distinct abilities that make up successful intelligence?

Analytic, creative and practical intelligence

Analytic, creative, and practical intelligence are also apart of what theory?

Robert Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence.

What is the function of analytic intelligence?

To judge and evaluate or to compare and contrast information.

Figuring out the meaning of a uncommon word in context or determining the next number in a series of numbers is an example of what kind of intelligence?

Analytic intelligence

What is the function of creative intelligence?

Coming up with fresh and useful ideas for solving problems.

If your given a number of cartoon images and your told to come up with a caption for each one you have to use what kind of intelligence for this?

Creative intelligence

What is the function of practical intelligence?

The ability to solve problems of everyday life efficiently

Knowledge or skills learned on the street rather than a classroom or if you're asked to come up with three solutions to an everyday problem you are currently experiencing in life this is an example of what kind of intelligence?

Practical intelligence

Howard Gardner believes in multiple intelligences, specifically he believes intelligence is made up by what eight distinct capacities?

Linguistic, mathematical-logical, musical, body-kinesthetic, spatial, intrapersonal, interpersonal and naturalistic.

The ability to classify, recognize, and understand plants and animals in one’s environment is what type of intelligence?

Naturalistic intelligence

In cultures with formal science people with naturalistic intelligence are likely to become?

Botanists, biologist, veterinarians or animal scientists

In cultures without formal science those with naturalistic intelligence are likely to become?

Great hunters, gatherers, and farmers.

The ability to understand a person emotions, intentions, behavior and motives is what kind of intelligence?

Interpersonal intelligence/emotional intelligence are

When people know how to work well or get along with others this is an example of?

Interpersonal intelligence

A second form of reliability that exists when a question on a subtest correlates very highly with other items on the subtest is what kind of reliability?

Internal reliability

When a test measures the concept or construct it claims to measure, this is an example of what type of validity?

Construct validity

Addressing whether the question or construct is positively related to real-world outcomes, such as school achievements or work succes,s is an example of what type of validity?

Predictive validity

What is test bias?

When a characteristics of a test produces different outcomes for different groups.

If a IQ test predicts academic achievement better for Asians than Hispanics this is an example of?

Test bias

Analyses to see if equally intelligent white and black responders have the same probability of answering a question or to the extend that they don’t answer the question the same is an example of what?

Differential item functioning

What are the four levels of intellectual disability?

Mild, moderate, severe and profound

There are many causes of intellectual disabilities, but the three main causes are?

Chromosomal genetic abnormalities (down syndrome), Prenatal abnormalities (fetal alcohol syndrome) and environment deprivation.

What is fragile X?

A disorder involving X chromosomes resulting in abnormal development of a gene involved in neural development.

If someone has stunted cognitive development or difficulty with social interactions this is a sign of?

Fragile X

What are the other important contributors to intelligence besides brain volume?

Activity in specific brain regions, such as frontal lobes, neocortex and hippocampus.

When a person is working on verbal tasks what part of the brain is activated?

Only the left prefrontal region of the brain

When a person is working on spatial tasks what part of the brain is activated?

The prefrontal cortex of the left and right hemispheres, along with the occipital cortex.

When performing number and quantitative tasks what part of our brain is activated?

The parietal lobe and hippocampus

What intelligence is the frontal lobe more involved in?

Its more involved in performance of tasks of fluid intelligence, such as pattern recognition, rather performance of task that involve crystalized intelligence and learned experience.

The more people are genetically similar even if separated as kids the more they are likely to have?

The more similar in IQ they are