WGU D220 Information Technology in Nursing Practice

Define healthcare data

any data relating to the health of an individual patient or

collective population

Describe the purpose of healthcare data related to nursing

The information given

can create a thorough plan that helps patient outcomes, decrease cost and develop

a better plan of care

What are three examples of ways healthcare data has influenced the patient care

provided by nurses

1.) notice trends in V/S, collaborate & treat accordingly

2.)help predict analytics, ID patients at risk for certain disease processes

3.) evaluate

EBP protocols

Define data framework

Data information, knowledge

wisdom(DIKW) framework refers to the way data becomes a product that can be

used to positively affect patient care

What are the components of the DIKW framework

Data, Information,

Knowledge, Wisdom

How does each component depend on the previous component: D to I to K to W

Data describes the patients disease state, health environment,

information is

data with meaning,

knowledge is information that is processed and organized

so that it relates and inter-actions are identified,

wisdom is the application of knowledge to solve problems

Define Informatics

the science and art of turning data into information

What fields does health informatics include

Bioinformatics, clinical research

informatics, public health informatics

Define foundational skills

the min req/skills needed for an information driven culture

Define Informatics Culture

A broad term related to the application of new information technology that impact human culture

Define ethical use of data and information using the AHIMA Code of Ethics

Consistent with professional standards of practice and essential to safe efficient

healthcare delivery.

What is the nurse's primary role in the ethical use of data and information?

Maintaining privacy r/t PHI from public or individuals not providing direct patient care.

Define learning healthcare system

health system in which

internal data and experience systematically integrated with external evidence, and

knowledge is put into practice

What is essential to a learning healthcare system?

strong leadership, effective use of data in the clinical setting, and both a culture and workforce committed to continuous learning and improvement.

Define knowledge worker

Previous knowledge and experience are applied to take action or intervene in some way

What changes in the healthcare system increased the demand for knowledge

workers?

Demands for safe accessible quality care

Define standardized languages and terminologies

Structured and controlled languages developed according to terminology

development guidelines and approved by an authoritative body.

Ensures that a concept had the same meaning in all settings

What are the benefits of the use of data standardization

facilitate collecting

sorting retrieval selection and aggregation of data

What are the consequences if data standardization is not used?

A lack of data

standardization jeopardizes opportunities for learning because important data may

not be available for analysis

Define Evidence-based practice

Using current best evidence for patient care decisions in order to improve patient outcomes

How can you identify reliable sources of data?

If information has .gov, .edu, or .org

Define Big Data

A collection of large data which cannot be analyzed without the use of information technology

How does big data relate to Meaningful Use?

Provides insights into areas where quality can be improved

How does Big Data differ from Business intelligence

Big data refers to large data sets that exist typically within organizations where business intelligence refers to the utilization of this data for analytical purposes from which actionable information can be derived to make more informed business decisions.

Define data analytics

The science of analyzing raw data to make

conclusions about information

How does data analytics support bedside care

Helps organizations evaluate and

detect anomalies in scans and predict outbreaks in illness

What are the differences between the concept of information management and knowledge management

Information management focused on data and

IT( collecting, storing and accessing information, while knowledge management is focused on people and processes (is creating, sharing, using, and managing

knowledge)

Define correlates

either two things so related that one directly implies or is complementary to the other, EX: husband and wife/ brain size as it correlates with intelligence

Give three examples of health correlates

poor nutrition(obesity) , lack of physical

activity (diabetes)and smoking (increases risk for cancer)

Define Conditions

A restricting, limiting, or modifying circumstance

Explain the two ways that health conditions are measured

physical measurements and metric measurements

Define Care

watchful or protective attention, caution, concern, prudence, or

regard usually towards an action of situation. How healthcare is delivered to the

community

Define Cost

measures the economic and societal costs of healthcare and poor health

Give an example of value-based care

a form of

reimbursement that ties payments for care delivery to the quality of care provided and rewards providers for both efficiency and effectiveness

Define insider threat

a threat to an

organization that comes from negligent or malicious insiders, such as employees, former employees, contractors, third-party vendors, or business partners, who have inside information about cybersecurity practices, sensitive data, and computer systems

What security measures can prevent insider threat

Train employees, build a threat hunting team, coordinate IT security, include procedures in your security policy to

prevent and detect misuse

Define the beginning nurse

an individual who has recently graduated from a nursing program and is

starting their professional nursing career

Give an example of beginning nurses using HIT

Record patient vitals, document nursing interventions, CPOE, view lab results

What types of informatics skills would a beginning nurse have?

Basic computer

skills, use of EHR, How to use digital to monitor patient vitals, Telehealth

technology, Data analysis/management, digital communication skills, and understand the importance of information security

Define an experienced nurse

A professional who has gained substantial knowledge and skills in the field of nursing through years of practice.

Not just number of years practiced, but the quality of experiences, and ability to apply knowledge into practical situations

Who can an experienced nurse collaborate with?

Physicians, Pharmacists, PT/OT, Social workers, Dietitians, SLP, Resp Therapist and other Nurses

Define informatics specialist

a professional who applies their knowledge of information science to solve problems related to information processing.

They work in various fields such as healthcare, business, and

technology, where they manage, analyze, and interpret data.

How is the nurse specialist different from the informatics specialist?

is a registered nurse who has received advanced training in a specific area of nursing. They provide

direct patient care and expert consultations in their area of specialization.

An Informatics Specialist, is a professional who uses their knowledge of information technology and healthcare to improve patient care

outcomes.

They are often involved in the design, implementation, and

optimization of clinical systems like Electronic Health Records (EHRs).

Define informatics innovator

a professional who applies their knowledge of information technology and systems to create new innovative

solutions to complex problems. They are often involved in the design,

development, and implementation of new information systems and technologies

How can healthcare organizations use clinical data to increase quality while

reducing costs?

Value based care, reimburses for outcome instead of source.

Define Business Intelligence related to healthcare

The use of

business intelligence technology uses tools and techniques to gather store

processing and analyzing data, to make educated decisions r/t clinical practices and

patient care.

What areas of healthcare can be improved when using BI as a foundation for evidence-based clinical decision-making.

Patient care, operational efficiency financial risk management

Identify and provide examples of the top 3 high-level barriers to using and

exchanging healthcare data

1.) Inter-operational issues

2.) privacy

and security concerns

3.) lack of standardization

Give an example of a high-level barrier to using and exchanging healthcare data in clinical setting

Medical terminology standardization like, KNA

vs KNDA weight in lbs vs KG 1Gr vs 1000mg. All could cause documentation

errors that could cause pt harm.

Define data integrity

The ability to collect, store, retrieve correct

complete and current data available to authorized users as needed

Define input errors

A typo error, transcription error, misinterpretation of info, omission errors

How does a system check promote data integrity

Ensures validity & accuracy of data set.

Provide examples of types of data that are tracked for quality improvement

Process data, outcome data, balancing measures, patient experience data and structural data

How does the use of audit trails improve data integrity?

Audit trails prevent the

wild goose chases often involved in tracing changes or errors in improperly documented data.

An audit trail is an invaluable resource when a problem with

data is discovered, because the problem can be traced back throughout the file history to help determine when the error was made

Define health literacy

the degree to which individuals have the

capacity to obtain, process, and. understands basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions

How can informatics use health literacy to improve patient outcomes?

Digital health literacy, individual has the skills to successfully navigate EHR patient portals to understand their plan of care and health history.

Knowledge is key to

improve patient outcomes

Define data management

The process of controlling the collection storage and use of data

Identify levels of personnel and the importance in data management

Data entry employees and client's system analysis programmers

Provide examples of the differences between databases and data warehouses

Database- oversee activities related to maintaining optimal use

Data warehouse- store data from different databases

Define active and latent errors

Active errors: occur at the level of the frontline operator and have immediate effects

EX: a doctor prescribing the wrong medication

Latent errors: Are hidden in the system and may exist unnoticed

for a long time

EX: hospitals management decision to cut staffing levels

What steps can be used to prevent errors in healthcare?

The five rights of

medication administration prior to giving patient something will help decrease

medication errors.

Right patient,

Right drug,

Right time,

Right dose,

Right route.

Define consumer health information (CHI)

Consumer health information (CHI) is information on health and medical topics available to the general public at the lay person level

Give examples of the informaticist's role in the design, adoption, and use of

consumer health informatics applications

Informaticists are involved in the design process of consumer health information applications by ensuring apps are user

friendly, intuitive and meet the needs of consumers.

They also ensure that the

applications are compliant with health standards and regulations.

Define healthcare information system (HIS)

Any system that manages healthcare data

What are the financial drawbacks and benefits of a healthcare information system (HIS)

Drawback= Costly (expensive)

Benefit= Improved quality of care provided and a decrease in medication errors.

Define Administrative information system

Supports client care by management of finances

and demographic info and providing reporting capabilities.

EX : financial coding,

payroll, Human Resources, Scheduling, quality assurances applications, patient

registration, contract management.

A Quality assurance system is a form of an

AIS!

What are two components of Administrative Information Systems

Hardware and Software

How does the AIS combine with CIS to improve the patient experience

Proper MD/Nurse documentation of continued care helps assure extent of care provided by staff is reported, along with having more knowledge about patient health

history allowing better care for the patient and improved outcomes

Define clinical information systems (CIS)

Large computerized database management systems supporting activities such as

-MD order entry,

-Results,

-Documentation thru

locations,

-Radiology,

-Nurse info/notes,

-Monitoring continuously, --Pharmacy systems.

Identify the components in the clinical information system (CIS) and how are they used

MD order entry-allows medical staff to see

new/current orders.

Results-view labs,

Radiology-see all Xray results,

Pharmacy- to obtain medications,

Nurse notes-to see views of patient care,

Documentation

amongst assorted locations and Assorted decision support tools in software.

How does the CIS support the EHR?

Proper MD/Nurse notes allow accuracy to

electronic health records thus provides an increased opportunity for superb care to

patients.

Define computerized provider order entry (CPOE)

Process of providers entering/sending treatment instructions via computer

Identify the benefits and drawbacks of computerized provider order entry (CPOE)

Benefits: Improved accuracy and

completeness of physician orders.

Drawbacks: Failure of computer systems and/or

malfunctions in computer system.

How has the use of computerized provider order entry (CPOE) affected EBP?

-It has improved decision making,

-Decreased incidents of medication errors,

-Increased efficiency and help facilitate data collection and research

Define electronic documentation

Allows nurse to enter patient data via computer

Define Controlled Terminologies

A set of code lists and valid values used with data items within CDISC- defined datasets( (Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium.

What are the strengths and challenges of electronic documentation?

Strengths:

Patient access to medical records, saves time versus paper charting, billing more accurately related to the type of care provided by staff, and financial incentives

for physicians who use electronic charting.

Challenges:

Possibility of breaching

HIPAA, HER's can prove expensive, and can be a challenge if physician does not have access to a computer system( living in a rural no internet connection location)

Why are controlled terminologies important?

It provides an organized information system and a standard way of representing information.

Define clinical decision support systems (CDSS)

Health information technology to help

workers/patients, person specific information to assist with patient care

What are the results of a clinical decision support systems (CDSS) and what role does EBP practice play in the

support?

CDSS has decreased medication errors, and decreased the risk of

misdiagnosis, it's a toll that improves compliance with EBP

Define risk management system

The process of ID, assessing and controlling financial and legal entities. Helps an organization ID and mitigate risk in financial transactions and other activities.

What role does Healthcare Informatics have in the risk management system?

It improves patient safety, enhancing the quality of care, ensures regulatory

compliance and aids in risk ID/mitigation

How is patient care impacted by the risk management system?

Patient safety is closely related to the acknowledgement of risk and how to avoid taking them.

Define firewall related to Healthcare Informatics

A defense from cyber-attacks like email phishing attacks and a security system that protects PHI

How are the different types of data used in QA?

Test Data-?

Defect Data-?

Metric Data-?

Feedback Data-?

Historical Data-?

Test Data- Used to check the function and performance of software

Defect Data- When a bug is found in the system

Metric Data- Measures the quality of the system

Feedback Data- Improve user experience

Historical Data- To predict future trends and ID risk to data

Define smart technology

ability to communicate and work with other networked technologies, and through this ability to allow automated or

adaptive functionality as well as remote accessibility or operation from anywhere

What is the disadvantage of using smart technology in patient care?

Cost, data security and privacy, dependent on technology (power outages) and complexity of usage from staff and patients

Define HITECH Act

An act that creates incentives related to

healthcare information technology & incentives given for use of HER by

providers

How has the HITECH Act affected nursing?

It incentivized healthcare providers to switch from paper charting to electronic charting

How can hospitals and healthcare professionals receive incentive payments?

When they meet all program requirements enlisted by Medicare and Medicaid

Define Meaningful use

It's an incentive program to assure EHRs are used

according to standards that achieve quality safety and efficiency

What are the core requirements of Meaningful Use related to EHRS?

Record patient demographic info,

clinical decision support, active med list,

drug-to-drug

allergy interactions,

Record/Retrieve Vital signs, record smoking status for individual

over 13yrs old,

Protect EHRs,

Exchange electronically pt information,

Supply pts

with electronic copy of health info and dc instructions,

Report to CMS,

Maintain patient diagnosis

Define meaningful use Stage 1

What does stage 1 emphasize as it relates to data?

Data Capture and sharing EHR

Captures health information in

standard form engaging patient and families in plan of care

Define Meaningful Use Stage 2

What are the Stage 2 requirements for patients' access to online health

information?

Advanced clinical Processes-requires e-

prescribe for lab results and more patient controlled data

View/download and transmit. Physicians must ensure that more than

50% of all patients are provided timely access to view online, download and transmit their health information

Define Meaningful Use Stage 3

Improved Outcomes

Define electronic health record system (EHRS)

Add's to the decision support and flag abnormal values

Describe the challenges of using an electronic health record system (EHRS)

Documentation errors, Users may not

be computer savvy, Duplicate documentation, navigation through software,

Breaching HIPAA while using internet and may cause issues amongst integrated

team members r/t exchange of info via tablet

Define Work-Arounds

Variations in procedures and processes created to accomplish work when systems or workflows are inefficient

Give an example of an EHRS Work-Arounds

Double documenting d/t unsure where to input information in EHR

What are some common process Workarounds?

Ignoring or disabling EHR

function