safety, disease process, and care impaired

fall prevention

characterized by:

• using proper body mechanics

• ensure patients have non-slip footwear

• using a gait belt when transferring patients

• ensuring proper lighting and floor cleanliness

• leaving a bed in the lowest position when leaving a patient’s side

fall response

if your resident _____

• do not move the patient immediately —assess for injuries

• call medical assistance immediately

• document the incident and all facts that may have contributed to the fall

choking

if your resident is _______

• call for help and stay with the patient

• encourage coughing if possible

• if unable to cough, do abdominal thrusts

heimlich maneuver

process for _____

• wrap arms around waist

• place fist above the naval, thumb side in

• grasp fist with other hand and thrust inward and upward

• repeat until object is expelled or patient becomes unresponsive

hypoperfusion

signs of shock

• pale, cool clammy skin from poor circulation

• rapid, weak pulse

• low blood pressure

• altered mental status (confusion, dizziness, unconscious)

• shallow or rapid breathing

cardiac distress

signs of ____ ____

• chest pain/pressure (squeezing or burning)

• shortness of breath

• irregular heartbeat (palpitations, skipped beats)

• sweating and nausea

• radiating pain

emergency response

process for ____ ____

• call for help immediately

• keep them lying down with legs elevated (for shock)

• monitor vital signs

• provide reassurance (calm the patient to reduce stress)

• prepare cpr if needed

signs of shock, possible cardiac arrest

James, a CNA, is assisting Mr. Reynolds, a 72-year-old patient recovering from surger. During routine care, Mr. Reynolds suddenly becomes pale, sweaty, and confused. His breathing is shallow and rapid, and his pulse feels weak and fast

recognizing the emergency

call for help, elevate legs, monitor vs

James, a CNA, is assisting Mr. Reynolds, a 72-year-old patient recovering from surger. During routine care, Mr. Reynolds suddenly becomes pale, sweaty, and confused. His breathing is shallow and rapid, and his pulse feels weak and fast

immediate actions

RACE

abbr. for response to fire

• Rescue

• Alarm

• Contain

• Extinguish/Evacuate

acute disease

sudden onset, short duration disease

chronic disease

long term conditions requiring ongoing care

degenerative diseases

progressive deterioration of body functions (alzheimers, parkinsons)

infectious disease

caused by pathogens, spread through contact

local symptoms

affecting a specif area (redness, swelling)

systemic symptoms

affecting the whole body (fever, fatigue)

complications

secondary issues arising form diseases (infection, organ failure)

infection control

role of CNA: hand hygeine, PPE use, proper sanitation

monitoring changes

role of CNA: observing vital signs and reporting abnormalities

patient education

role of CNA: encouraging adherence to treatment plans and care plan

providing comfort

role of CNA: assisting with mobility, nutrition, and emotional support

recognizing symptoms for cardiovascular diseases

• hypertension (high blood pressure, headaches, dizziness)

• congestive Heart Failure (irregular or rapid pulse, SOB, fatige, increased edema)

• heart attack (chest pain, dizziness, nausea, indigestion)

monitoring and reporting cardiovascular diseases

• check vital signs (bp, pulse, oxygen levels)

• observe for changes in breathing, skin color, or mental status

• report abnormalities to the nurse immediately

monitor swallowing difficulties

how to prevent choking in parkinsons patients

engage in conversation

how to stimulate cognitive function

encourage activities

how to promote mental engagement and independence

alzheimer’s disease

characterized by memory loss, confusion, difficulty with daily tasks

parkinsons disease

characterized by tremors, muscle stiffness, slow movement

dementia

characterized by cognitive decline, mood changes, disorientation

cardiovascular accident or stroke

characterized by sudden weakness, slurred speech, facial dropping. hemiplegia - one side of the body is paralyzed

COPD

characterized by shortness of breath, wheezing, chronic cough

pneumonia

characterized by fever, chest pain, difficulty breathing, discolored sputum

chronic bronchitis

characterized by persistent cough with mucus, fatigue, breathlessness

assisting, monitoring, and reporting

• observe respitory rate

• check oxygen levels

• positioning

• report worsening symptoms

• assist with oxygen therapy (proper mask or nasal cannula placement)

osteoporosis

characterized by weak, brittle bones, increased fracture risk

arthritis

characterized by joint pain, stiffness, swelling, reduced mobility

fractures

characterized by swelling, bruising, deformity, loss of movement

observe for pain and swelling

response - document changes in mobility

check for signs of fractures

response - report deformities or sudden pain

monitor joint stiffness

response - assist with range of motion exercises

encourage safe mobility

response - use assistive devices like walkers

support proper positioning

response - prevent pressuresores and contractures by repositioning q 2 hrs

fall prevention

response - ensure clear pathways and proper footwear

encourage weight-bearing activities

response - helps maintain bone strength

monitor for infection

response - watch for redness or warmth around joints

diabetes

characterized by increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, slow wound healing

hypothyroidism

characterized by fatigue, weight gain, dold intolerance, dry skin

hyperthyroidism

characterized by nervousness, weight loss, heat intolerance, rapid heartbeat

hydration

response - helps regulate metabolism and prevent complications

proper nutrition

response - support diabetic-friendly thyroid-balanced diets

monitor foot ulcers

response - ensure proper foot care and hygeine

diabetic emergenies

response - confusion, dizziness, sweating (hypoglycemia) or excessive thirst and nausea (hyperglycemia)

blood sugar fluctuation

David, a DNA, is assisting Mrs. Johnson, an 82-year-old resident in a long-term care facility. She has diabetes, hypertension, and early-stage dementia. recently, she has been experiencing fatigue, confusion, and unsteady gait.

recognizing disease progression

check vs, report concerns to nurse

James, a CNA, is assisting Mr. Reynolds, a 72-year-old patient recovering from surger. During routine care, Mr. Reynolds suddenly becomes pale, sweaty, and confused. His breathing is shallow and rapid, and his pulse feels weak and fast

monitoring and reporting changes

cognitive impairments

characterized by dementia, alzheimer’s, confusion, memory loss

physical impairments

characterized by mobility limitations, paralysis, sensory deficits

communication barriers

characterized by difficulty expressing needs, hearing or speech impairments