PSYCH 101 Unit 1 CH 1-4 EXAM

Psychology

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Pseudo psychology

Psychological information or conclusions that sound scientific but have not been systematically tested using the scientific method

How many research methods are there and what are they?

6 methods

Naturalistic Observation

Case Study

Survey

Correlation

Case Study

An in-depth observation of one or a few participants or settings

Negative Correlation Graph

1 end increases and 1 goes down

Positive Correlation Graph

Both ends go up

No correlation Graph

Straight line

Who discovered REM and what is it?

Eugene Aserinsky

The active state of sleep in which the person’s eye’s move

Manifest Content

what the dreamer recalls on awakening

Latent Content

the symbolic meaning of a dream

Threat Stimulation Theory

defense mechanism that allows us to repeatedly stimulate potentially threaten situations so that we can rehearse our responses to these events

Night terrors

non-REM that you don’t remember

Nightmare

REM dream you can remember

Depressants

Drugs that inhibit or slow down normal neural functioning

Opiates

Pain killing drugs that depress some brain areas and excite others

Stimulates

drugs that speed up normal brain functioning and increase activity of the nervous system.

Examples of illegal and legal stimulates

Legal: caffeine/nicotine

illegal: cocaine/ crack

More examples of stimulates

amphetamines, nicotine, methamphetamine

Hallucinogens

Drugs that simultaneously excite and inhibit normal neural activity, thereby causing distortions in perceptions

Microsleep

Brief episode of sleep that occurs in the midst of a wakeful activity. Ex: escalofrio

Benefits of Sleep?

Repair neurons, pituitary gland releases growth hormones, and improved memory

Examples of Depressants

Alcohol, barbiturates, and sedatives/benzodiazepines

Example of Pseudo psychology

Extrasensory Perception which is the purported ability to acquire information about the world without using any senses

Optic Chiasm

the point in where the optic nerve from the left eye meets the optic nerve from the right eye; inverts everything and crosses paths

What is apart of the Outer Ear?

pinna, auditory canal, tymppanic membrane

Hearing

Auditory Nerve

Gustation

sense of taste

Smell

Olfaction Nerve

Gate Control Theory of Pain

Theory of pain that proposes the tiny neural networks in the spinal cord block pain signals

Top-down Processing

Perception that is guided by prior knowledge or expectations

Bottom-up Perceptual Processing

Perception that is not guided by prior knowledge or expectations

Gestalt

a proposal that the whole picture must been seen rather than trying to deconstruct perception into parts

Phineas Gage

A railroad worker that had a spike damage his frontal lobe and changed his behavior from being a great person to a bad person.

Pituitary Gland

master gland of the endocrine system

What disorder is associated with Seretonin?

Depression

Central Nervous System (CNS)

brain and spinal cord

Reticular Formation

part of the midbrain that regulates arousal and plays an important role in attention, sleep, and consciousness; spotlights your focus onto something

Parietal Lobe

touch

Occipital Lobe

visual processing

Temporal Lobe

auditory processing and language

Frontal Lobe

decision making, language and motor movement

Hormones

chemical messengers that travel through the blood stream

Neurotransmitters

Chemical messengers that send messages between neurons

Acetylcholine (ACH)

Neurotransmitter related to muscle movement, consciousness, learning, and memory

What disease is associated with ACH

Alzheimer’s

Dopamine

Neurotransmitter that plays a role in reward, movement, motivation, learning and attention

What disorder is associated with Dopamine?

Parkinson’s and ADHD

Seretonin

Neurotransmitter that plays a role in behavior such as sleep, arousal, mood, eating, and pain perception

What disorder is associated with Seretonin?

Depression