Ap World unit 0 test rivew

What were the basic characteristics of hunter-gather societies? (date)

Before 8000 B.C.E. they hunted for food and gathered. They lived in small kinship tribes. and were usually nomadic.

Polytheistic

When you warship many gods in a religion

Neolithic Revolution

The wide scale transitions of human culture with the hunters and gatherers.

Indo-Europeans

A large group of related tribes and languages that spread across Europe and Asia.

Bantu

A major culture influencing group in Africa related to a massive migration across the continent.

Patriarchy

A social system in which men hold primary power in political leadership, moral authority, and social privilege.

specialized labor

The division of jobs where people focus on specific trades or economic roles instead of basic survival.

Mandate of heaven

An ancient Chinese concept where rulers were able to rule by divine approval, focusing on just governance.

Phoenicians

An ancient civilization known for their alphabet and extensive trade networks across the Mediterranean.

Hittites

Ancient Anatolian people who established an empire in modern-day Turkey and mastered ironworking.

Babylonians

An ancient Mesopotamian civilization famous for a centralized government.

City-state

An independent self governing city

Autocratic/Despotism

Monarch

Theocracy

When priests or religious leaders rule in the name of a god or deity.

Domesticated animals

Pets/Farm Animals

Aristotle (date)

A foundational Greek philosopher and scientist who studied under Plato and tutored Alexander the Great. (384 B.C.E - 322 B.C.E)

Alexander the Great (date)

King of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires of the ancient world through military conquest. 336 B.C - 323 B.C

Caesar Augustus (date)

The first Roman emperor who transformed Rome from a republic into an empire. (46 B.C. - 44 B.C.)

Pax Romana

A long period of peace and stability across the Roman Empire initiated by Augustus.

Quin (Date)

Established in 221 B.C.E - 207 B.C.E is the first dynasty of China

Han (Date)

Established in 206 B.C.E - 220 C.E It continued the Qin Dynasty and established the Civil Exam.

Rome (Date)

Established in 753 B.C.E. - 476 C.E. it was a centralized republic empire. Roman culture was mainly from Greece. Rome had a patriarchal society, but also had more female rights.

Autocracy

Monarch

Democracy

Power is ruled directly by the people

Despotism

Dictator

Domesticated animals

Pets/Farm Animals

Republic

Where people choose a leader to rule

Theocracy

A government where religious leaders rule in the name of a god.

When did the Neolithic revolution start?

8000 B.C.E

What were the long-term effects of the Neolithic Revolution?

It created a food surplus and we can settle in permanent dwellings

Where did the earliest civilizations develop?

The mainly developed near rivers except for the non river valley civilization

Why are they developed in these locations?

For job specialization, social hierarchey, Organized government, Organized religion, to make more urban, public works, and monumental architecture.

What are the political and cultural characteristics of early civilizations? (6)

. They eventually evolve into empires

. They are led with theocracy

. They were usually polytheistic

. Women could hold more rights than usual

. They tried to evolve writing

. They just all tried to evolve

What is an Empire?

A group of different nations, tribes, or groups under one authority.

What are common characteristics during the Classical period? (5)

. Use rulers to gain legitimacy

. Create monumental art and architecture

. Make sure the state controls economic systems

. Build infrastructure

. Build roads

What led to the rise and fall of empires

When an empire rose, it probably started with having good qualities like weak neighbors, a power vacuum, leadership and culture. But would end, because of the way a person led. It will either be that the leadership was not good to start with that will cause rifts, or the person who led an empire will be out of their position which will also cause rifts of an empire.

What does SPICE-T stand for?

S- Social

P- Political

I- Interaction with the environment

C- cultural

E- economic

-

T- technology

What are the characteristics of the major belief systems? (animism/polytheism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Daoism and Islam)

. They just have someone to believe in

. It helps people connect and grow more

How did these beliefs help strengthen the political, economic and cultural ties with societies?

I brought communities together, helping to lead, help treat the environment better, and help build a community with that belives in the same things together.

How did each of these religions spread and impact one another?

They spread by trade and when people would move around, they would take their religions with them.

What groups were trading with each other?(Dates)

Silk Trade: in 1500 BCE a trade route linked the lands China by the way of Mesopotamia, Iran and central Asia.

Indian Ocean Trade: They traded with Africa, India, and China

Trans Saharan Caravan Routes: The Sahar traded with the Europeans in 1100 C.E. to the year 1400 C.E.

Global Trade Network: After 1200 C.E. Europe traded with the Islamic world and Russia. But Islam was also trading with Africa, India, and China. India was trading with China and eastern Africa, and China was trading with Japan and Southeast Europe

What was being traded?

Silk Road: It carried Religions (Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity). They also carried food, and spread culture.

Indian Ocean Trade: They mainly spread culture

Trans Saharan Caravan Routes: they traded gold, slaves, and tropical goods.

Global Trade Network: Everything was traded during the Global trade network because everyone was trading.

Understand the cultural implications of classical empires.

. They wanted advancements in education systems

. They wanted to be more military based

. They wanted to be more prosperous in trade and gain more goods.