Emergence of the Americas in Global Affairs - US foreign policy (1900-1916).

Open Door Policy

Proposed by John Hay in 1899; this diplomatic strategy leveraged US military presence to demand equal trading rights in China against European spheres of influence.

The Great White Fleet

The 1907–1909 global circumnavigation of the US Navy; a key example of "Big Stick" diplomacy, used to showcase US power and deter international rivals.

US intervention in Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic)

The 1905 application of the Roosevelt Corollary; the US took control of the nation's custom houses to manage debt and prevent European intervention.

US marines in Nicaragua

Used in 1912 to enforce Dollar Diplomacy; marines protected US-controlled banks and railroads, demonstrating the military arm of economic policy.

US military intervention in the Dominican Republic

The 1916 occupation under President Woodrow Wilson; used to establish stability and order, though it highlighted the gap between Wilson's anti-imperialist rhetoric and interventionist reality.

US military intervention in Mexico

The 1916 Punitive Expedition led by General John J. Pershing to capture Pancho Villa; showcased Wilson’s interventionist approach, though it de-escalated due to WWI.

Extraterritoriality

An imperial tool allowing nations to enforce their own laws on citizens within foreign countries; used to prioritize economic and legal interests over host nation sovereignty.