🧠 CELLS & MEMBRANES — CRAM FLASHCARDS

Prokaryotic cell

A cell that does NOT have a membrane-bound nucleus.

Eukaryotic cell

A cell that HAS a membrane-bound nucleus.

Nucleus

Contains the cell's DNA/genetic information.

Ribosomes

Site of protein synthesis.

Rough ER

Membrane system covered in ribosomes; involved in protein synthesis.

Smooth ER

Makes lipids and carbohydrates; lacks ribosomes.

Golgi apparatus

Modifies, stores, and ships proteins.

Mitochondria

Site of cellular respiration and ATP production.

ATP

Molecule used for cellular energy.

Cytoskeleton

Provides support and structure and helps transport molecules.

Cytoplasm

Fluid found between the nucleus and plasma membrane.

Plasma membrane

Selectively permeable barrier surrounding the cell.

Selectively permeable

Allows some substances to pass while blocking others.

Centrioles

Structures involved in cell division; found in animal cells.

Chloroplast

Site of photosynthesis; found in plant cells.

Central vacuole

Large plant-cell structure that stores water, solutes, and minerals.

Capsule

Sticky outer layer that can help prokaryotes attach to surfaces and protect themselves.

Pili

Hair-like projections that help with attachment or DNA exchange.

Plasmids

Small, circular pieces of DNA that exist separately from the main genome.

Flagellum

Tail-like structure used for locomotion/movement.

Cocci

Spherical/round bacteria.

Bacilli

Rod-shaped bacteria.

Spiral bacteria

Bacteria with spiral/twisted shapes.