Physical Science Chapter 11 Summary for Final Exam

Solid

A phase of matter with closely packed particles, fixed shape, and volume.

Liquid

A phase of matter with particles that can move around each other, fixed volume, and no fixed shape.

Gas

A phase of matter with particles that are far apart, random movement, and no fixed shape or volume.

Plasma

Highly ionized gas with charged particles that can conduct electricity, found in stars and lightning.

Bose-Einstein condensate

State of matter at extremely low temperatures where boson particles occupy the same quantum state.

Melting

Solid to liquid phase change due to an increase in temperature.

Freezing

Liquid to solid phase change due to a decrease in temperature.

Condensation

Gas to liquid phase change due to a decrease in temperature or increase in pressure.

Vaporization

Liquid to gas phase change due to an increase in temperature or decrease in pressure.

Sublimation

Solid to gas phase change without becoming a liquid, due to an increase in temperature or decrease in pressure.

Deposition

Gas to solid phase change without becoming a liquid, due to a decrease in temperature or increase in pressure.

Latent Heat

Energy absorbed or released during a phase change.

Physical Properties

Observable or measurable characteristics of a substance without changing its identity.

Chemical Properties

Describe how a substance interacts with other substances and changes chemically.

Physical Change

Change in physical appearance without a change in substance.

Chemical Change

Formation of a new substance with new physical and chemical properties.

Element

Pure substance made up of only one type of atom.

Compound

Pure substance made up of two or more different elements chemically combined.

Mixture

Two or more different types of matter physically combined.

Ionic Compounds

Composed of a metal cation and a non-metal anion, named by writing the metal cation followed by the non-metal anion with an "-ide" suffix.

Covalent Compounds

Composed of two or more non-metals, named using prefixes to indicate the number of atoms of each element in the molecule.

Acids

Compounds that produce hydrogen ions (H+) in water, named based on the anion present.

Organic Compounds

Compounds containing carbon and hydrogen, named based on the number and type of functional groups present.

Nanotechnology

Field of science and engineering studying and manipulating materials at the nanoscale level (1-100 nm).

Nanoscale

Incredibly small scale where materials exhibit unique properties due to their size.