Cavite Mutiny of 1872: Causes and Consequences

Cavite Mutiny

1872 uprising by Filipino troops in Cavite.

Mutiny

Revolt against authority by a group.

Fort San Felipe

Spanish arsenal in Cavite, site of mutiny.

January 20, 1872

Date of the Cavite Mutiny uprising.

Sergeant La Madrid

Leader of the Cavite Mutiny forces.

GOMBURZA

Executed priests: Burgos, Zamora, Gomez.

Gov. Gen. Rafael Izquierdo

Governor-General known for harsh policies.

Spanish Friars

Religious leaders opposed by Filipino nationalists.

Jose Montero Y Vidal

Spanish historian who viewed mutiny as conspiracy.

Iron Fist Government

Izquierdo's strict and oppressive rule.

Filipino Version

Perspective emphasizing injustice against workers.

Trinidad Pardo de Tavera

Filipino physician who documented the mutiny.

Spanish Version

Interpretation framing mutiny as a conspiracy.

Forced Labor

Compulsory work imposed on Filipino soldiers.

Execution of GOMBURZA

February 17, 1872, to instill fear.

Reinforcement of Troops

Spanish forces sent to suppress the mutiny.

Propaganda

Information used to manipulate public perception.

Malicious Press

Spanish media blamed for inciting rebellion.

Sampaloc Celebration

Event mistaken for attack signal during mutiny.

Educational Decree

Reform aimed at improving Philippine education.

Philippine Institute

Proposed school merging sectarian institutions.

Iron Fist Policies

Izquierdo's strict measures against Filipino rights.

Execution Witness

Edmund Plauchut observed GOMBURZA's execution.

Nationalist Movement

Growing movement for Philippine independence.

Colonial Troops

Locally recruited soldiers serving Spanish forces.

Laborers of the Arsenal

Workers involved in the Cavite arsenal.

Civil Disorder

Public disturbance often involving violence.

Conspiracy Theory

Belief that mutiny was pre-planned uprising.

Native Clergy

Local religious leaders supporting Filipino rebels.

Izquierdo's Policies

Strict measures that alienated Filipinos from Spain.

Central Government's Inaction

Failed to investigate reports, relied on biased sources.

Secularization Movement

Effort to replace friars with native priests.

Mariano Gomez

Head priest advocating for native clergy rights.

Jose Burgos

Nationalist priest promoting reforms for native clergy.

Jacinto Zamora

Accused priest linked to Cavite mutiny evidence.

Cry of Dolores

Call to arms initiating Mexican War of Independence.

Cry of Ypiranga

Declaration of Brazil's independence from Portugal.

Cry of Matanza

Cuban rebellion against Spanish colonial rule.

Sigaw

First military engagement of the Philippine Revolution.

Pugadlawin

Site of the Katipunan's declaration of revolt.

Balintawak Controversy

Disputed location of the Cry of Revolution.

Pio Valenzuela

Key figure with conflicting accounts of the Cry.

Teodoro Agoncillo

Historian emphasizing Pugad Lawin's significance.

Philippine Historical Committee

Investigated events surrounding the Cry of Revolution.

Cedula

Tax receipt symbolically torn during the revolt.

National Historical Commission

Agency overseeing Philippine historical research and markers.

Friars' Power Reduction

Central Government limited friars' influence in governance.

Filipino Clergy Participation

Active involvement in the secularization movement.

Frantic Moves by Friars

Attempts to maintain power amid secularization efforts.

Cavite Mutiny Date

Pivotal event occurred in 1872, influencing 1898.

National Historical Institute

Predecessor to the National Historical Commission.

Grito de Dolores Date

September 16, 1810, marked Mexico's independence call.

Cry of Dolores Significance

Inspired independence movements across Latin America.

First Battle of Revolution

Battle of San Juan del Monte on August 30, 1896.

Historical Marker

Commemorates significant events in Philippine history.

Cry of Balintawak

Initial revolutionary act against Spanish rule on August 24, 1896.

Pugad Lawin

Location debated as site of the Cry; not officially recognized.

Cedulas

Documents symbolizing loyalty to the Spanish government.

Balintawak

Traditional site of the Cry, distinct from Pugad Lawin.

August 23, 1896

Official date of the Cry according to NHI.

August 24, 1896

Date claimed by some accounts for the Cry.

Katipunan

Revolutionary society leading the fight for Philippine independence.

Sofronio Calderon

Linguist who researched the toponym 'Pugad Lawin.'

Barangays

Smallest administrative divisions in the Philippines.

Emilio Aguinaldo

Leader of the revolution and first President of the Philippines.

Biyak na Bato Constitution

Document asserting Philippine independence from Spain.

Historical Committee

Formed to determine the location of Juan Ramos's house.

Proclamation No. 149

Officially recognized Pugad Lawin as the Cry's site.

Vinzons Hall

Location where the Balintawak monument was installed.

Civil Guard

Spanish colonial force involved in suppressing the revolution.

Supremo

Title held by Andres Bonifacio as Katipunan leader.

Constitution

Body of rules defining government powers and rights.

Philippine Constitution

Written instrument establishing government powers and rights.

Monaco Constitution

Shortest written constitution with 3,814 words.

India Constitution

Longest constitution with 146,585 words.

Juan Ramos

Owner of the house where the Cry occurred.

Apolonio Samson

Referenced by Masangkay as Cry's location.

Kangkong

Location mentioned in relation to the Cry.

Tandang Sora

Historical figure associated with the revolution.

Turning Point

Moment when Filipinos formally rejected Spanish rule.

Eyewitness Accounts

Testimonies documenting events during the revolution.

Katipunan Funds

Financial resources lost during revolutionary skirmishes.

Sanggunian

Local councils involved in the revolutionary efforts.

Purpose of Constitution

Framework for government and public welfare.

Sovereign Powers

Authority established by the Constitution.

Written Constitution

Formal document containing constitutional provisions.

Unwritten Constitution

Rules not compiled in a single document.

Enacted Constitution

Formally created at a specific time and place.

Evolved Constitution

Developed over time through political evolution.

Rigid Constitution

Amendments require difficult formal processes.

Flexible Constitution

Amendable by the same body as ordinary laws.

Constitution of Government

Describes government framework and powers.

Constitution of Liberty

Enumerates fundamental rights of citizens.

Constitution of Sovereignty

Details amendment procedures for the Constitution.

Biak-Na-Bato Constitution

Provisional constitution during the Philippine Revolution.

Malolos Constitution

First republican constitution in Asia.

Philippine Organic Act of 1902

Established the Philippine Assembly and legislature.

Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916

Created first fully elected national legislature.

Philippine Independence Act of 1934

Foundation for Commonwealth Government constitution drafting.

1935 Constitution

Established Commonwealth Government and branches.