principles of biology- chapter 1

part 1

biological systems interact

every organism is a biological system that is interdependent

structure and function

are interrelated

information transfer

within cells, among cells, among organisms

require energy

all living cells and organisms

evolution

explains how the ancestry of organisms can be traced back to earlier forms of life

composed of cells

all living organisms are composed of cells enclosed by a plasma membrane aka a cell membrane

growth

increase in cells size

development

all changes that occur during organisms life

regulate metabolic processes

growth/repair, conversion of energy, nutrition

homoestasis

allows them to regulate themselves in internal environment to survive

respond to stimuli

physical or chemical change in the environment that evokes a response

reproduce

produced through asexual or sexual reproduction

all evolve

through changes in frequencies of genetic variants over time and adapt to their environment

atoms, small molecules, large molecules, organelles

biological organization

cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

beyond the cell

muscle, nervous, epithelial, connective

these are considered tissues

heart and liver

organ examples

cardiovascular, digestive

organ system examples

ecology

how organisms interact with one another and their environment

population

organisms of all the same species

community

all living species that are different that populate the same area

ecosystem

a community together with the nonliving

biosphere

everything earth and all

inherit information

organism have to

dna

a molecule that makes up genes and transmit genetic info from gen to gen

energy

organisms can’t create it nor use it completely

heat and transferred to the environment

energy is always converted into

autotrophs

produce their own food usually through photosynthesis aka producers

heterotrophs

consume the producers aka the consumers

decomposers

break down all non living organic material

fungi and bacteria

example of decomposers