cns angel - meninges, cranial nerves, sensory organs

1. The olfactory nerves take information to the brain bypassing the thalamus.

YES

2. The sense of smell is analyzed in the gyrus postcentralis.

NO

3. The optic nerve carries information from the nasal mucosa to the brain.

NO

4. Stratum plexiforme internum of the retina contains the processes of bipolar and ganglionic cells.

YES

5. Eminentia pyramidalis in tympanic cavity contains m. stapedius.

YES

6. The pupil is small if the stellate ganglion is removed from the neck of the first rib.

YES

7. Fovea of the retina contains no blood vessels.

YES

8. Taste cells are continually reproduced and do not diminish much with age.

YES

9. The round window equalizes pressure between the middle ear and inner ear.

YES

10. Olfactory nerve fibres terminate in the trigonum olfactorium.

NO

11. Schlemm's canal is located in:

    • lens

    • processus ciliaris

    • sclera

    • Iris

    • chorioidea

C. Sclera

12. Macula lutea:

    • is composed mostly of pigment cell

    • contains no neuroepithelial cells

    • is the site of best vision

    • is the blind spot of the eye

C. Is the site of best vision

13. Which of the following helps maintain proper air pressure in the middle ear?

    • stapedius muscle

    • eustachian tube

    • external auditory meatus

    • osseous labyrinth

B. eustation tube

14. Which of the following muscles does NOT take its origin from the common tendinous ring?

    • superior rectus

    • inferior rectus

    • lateral rectus

    • medial rectus

    • superior oblique

E. superior obliqiue

15. Which of the following muscles is NOT innervated by the oculomotor nerve?

    • levator palpebrae superioris

    • lateral rectus

    • medial rectus

    • inferior oblique

    • superior rectus

B. lateral rectus

16. Which of the following is true in respect to the ciliary ganglion?

    • Sympathetic fibers synapse in the ciliary ganglion.

    • Afferent fibers from the iris and cornea pass through the ganglion.

    • The ganglion is located between the optic nerve and medial rectus.

    • Parasympathetic fibers in the ganglion are derived from CN VIl.

    • Parasympathetic fibers in the ganglion are distributed to the retina and lens.

B. Afferent fibers from the iris and cornea pass through the ganglion

17. Which of the following is associated with equilibrium? -

    • vestibular membrane

    • basilar membrane

    • otolithic membrane

    • ciliary processes

C. Otolithic membrane

18. Which of the following is NOT contained in the tympanic cavity?

    • auditory ossicles

    • tympanic plexus

    • chorda tympani nerve

    • lesser petrosal nerve

    • stapedius and tensor tympani muscles

D. lesser petrosal nerve

19. The portion of the inner ear that detects sounds, is the

    • semicircular canals

    • osseous labyrinth

    • Vestibule Cochlea

    • Choclear

D. Choclear

20. Which of the following is the first to come into contact with light?

    • Rods

    • Bipolar neurons

    • Cones

    • Ganglion cells

D. Ganglion cells

21. The maculae can be found in the:

    • cochlear duct

    • saccule

    • semicircular canals

    • semicircular ducts

B. saccule

22. Vitrous Humor Is

    • constantly circulated through the posterior cavity

    • Is less viscous than aqueous humor

    • Helps to hold the lens and retina in place

    • Does not contribute to intraocular pressure

    • Does not change the path of incoming light

E. Does not change the path of incoming light

23. Which of the following cannot be seen as one looks into the eye through an ophthalmoscope?

    • macula lutea

    • optic chiasm

    • fovea centralis

    • optic disc.

B. Optic chiasm

24. Which one of the following is the correct sequence for the passage of a nerve impulse?

    1- Primary visual cortex

    2 - Optic tract

    3 - Optic nerve

    4 - Optic chiasma

    5 - Visual association area

    A. 3,4, 2, 1, 5

    B. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

    C. 2, 3, 4, 1, 5

    D. 5, 1, 2, 4, 3

    E. 4,3,2,5,1

A. 3, 4, 2, 1, 5

INDICATE THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS WITH TRUE (T) OR FALSE (F) 25. The following are true about the iris:

A. it contains pigmented epithelium on its anterior surface.

B. it contains melanocytes in the stroma that determines the iris colour

C. its colour is determined by sympathetic innervations

D. the dilator muscle is innervated by the sympathetic system

E. the constrictor muscle is innervated by the parasympathetic system

T,F,T,F,T

26. The tympanic cavity (middle ear)

    A. has the auditory (Eustachian) tube opening on to its anterior wall

    B. is about 1. 5 cm from its lateral to its medial wall

    C. has the facial nerve running in the upper edge of its medial wall

    D. is lined by stratified squamous epithelium

    E. he is selated through its roof to the temporal lobe of the cerebral hemisphere.

T,T,T,F,F

27. The following structures are associated with the auditory pathway from the internal ear to the cerebral cortex

    A. the cochlear nuclei in the hindbrain

    B. the medial geniculate body

    C. the lateral lemniscus

    E. the interior importhernuemal capsule.

T,F,F,T,F

28. The optic chiasm

    A. is anterior to the stalk of the hypophysis cerebri

    B. is lateral to the internal carotid artery

    C. contains fibers from the bipolar neurons of the retina

    D. contains fibers which end in the lateral geniculate body

    E. contains crossed fibers associated with the nasal fields of vision.

T,F,F,T,F

29. An optic tract

    A. contains fibers whose cell bodies are in the retina

    B. contains fibers from the medial half of each retina

    C. contains fibers all of which end in the lateral geniculate body

    D. contains fibers which form the inferior brachium

    E. contains fibers which form the afferent pathway of the light re flex.

T,F,F,F,T

30. The right visual cortex

    • lies on either side of the edges of the calcarine sulcus

    • Receives the termination of filers whose cell bodies are in the lateral geniculate body

    • has a very large area for the macula in its anterior part

    • receives impulses originating from stimuli from the right halves of both visual fields

    • Receives impulses from the right lower quadrants of both refine.

T,T,F,F,T

31. The following structures are associated with the pathway of proprioception from the periphery to the cerebral cortex

    A. the posterior root ganglion

    B. lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles

    C. the parietal lobe of the cerebral hemisphere

    D. the genu of the internal capsule

    E. the medial lemniscus

T,T,T,F,T

32. The mastoid antrum

    A. has the posterior semicircular canal on its medial side

    B. has its aditus on its lateral wall

    C. in the infant is separated from the surface of the skull by bone 6 mm thick

    D. is related posteriorly to the cerebellum

    E. is posterolateral to the facial nerve.

T,F,F,T,T

33. Parasympathetic nerves in the thorax

    A. cause contraction of the muscle in the lung

    B. supply sensory fibres to the lung

    C. are secretomotor to the oesophagus

    D. cause the longitudinal muscle of the esophagus to relax

    E. supply sensory fibres to the pericardium.

T,T,T,F,T

34. Middle ear infection may follow a throat infection because:

    A. the auditory (Eustachian) tube opens into the base of the inner ear

    B. the pharyngeal (throat) mucosa is continuous with the mucosa of the middle ear

    C. the sphenoid sinus opens into the tympanic cavity of the middle ear

    D. the vestibulocochlear nerve passes through the tympanic cavity

    E. answers A and D.

F,T,F,F,F

FILL THE BLANK SPACES WITH APPROPRIATE WORDS OR PHRASES.

35. The region on the retina that produces the sharpest vision is called the ____

FOVEA CENTRALIS

36. The ____ is a membrane covering the anterior portion of the eyeball except for the cornea.

CONJUNCTIVA

37. Most olfactory receptors are located on the____ surface of the nasal cavity.

EPITHELIAL

38. The ciliary muscle is supplied by the __ .

OCCULARMOTOR NERVE

39. The outer covering of the eye is called the ___ .

SCLERA

40. Blind spot of the eye is known as ___

DISCUS NERVI OPTICI

41. The stapes sends its vibrations to the ____ .

OVAL WINDOW

42. The membranous labyrinth contains __ fluid.

ENDOLYMPH FLUID

MATCH EACH NUMBERED TERM WITH THE MOST PROPER LETTERED ONE 43. Which of the following A to F supplies the structures 1 to 6?

A. Sphenopalatine ganglion

B. Ciliary musele

C. Otic ganglion

D. Superior cervical ganglion

E. Submandibular ganglion

F. None of these

1. Ciliary ganglion

2. Parotid gland

3. Sublingual gland

4. Sphincter pupillae

5. Lacrimal gland

6. Levator palpebrae superioris muscle

A-5 B-1,4 C-2 D-2 E-3 F-6

44. Which of the following A to E supplies the structures 1 to 13? (Note: Items A through E may be used more than once.)

A. gustatory cells

B. macula lutea

C. crista ampullaris

D. macula

E. spiral organ (organ of Corti).

1. A group of hair cells associated with taste.

2. The gelatinous membrane associated with this group of hair cells contains crystals of calcium carbonate.

3. A group of hair cells located in the saccule

4. A group of hair cells associated with a cupola

5. The sense organ of static equilibrium.

6. A group of hair cells located in the utricle.

7. Hair cells located on the vallate and fungiform papillae.

8. A group of hair cells associated with the tectorial membrane.

9. The sense organ of dynamic (angular)
   equilibrium.

10. A group of hair cells located in the cochlea duct.

11. The sense organ of hearing.

12. A yellowish group of cells surrounding the fovea centralis.

13. A group of hair cells located in the ampulla

A-1,7

B-1,2

C-4,9,13

D-2,3,5,6

E-8,10,11

45. Which of the following A to D supplies the structures 1 to 9? (Note: Items A through D may be used more than once.)

A. Ganglion cells

B. Bipolar cells

C. Both A and B

D. Neither A nor B.

1. Contact the vitreous humor.

2. Contain the purple pigment known as rhodopsin.

3. Modified forebrain cells.

4. Axons of these cells from the optic nerve

5. Contact the choroid layer.

6. Cells contain melanin.

7. Cells are multipolar neurons.

8. These cells synapse with ganglion cells.

9. These cells provide daylight vision.

A-1,4,7

B-8

C- 1,4,7,8

D-2,3,5,6,9

46. Match the type of fluid (Endolymph or Perilymph) that is found within the cavities or spaces of the appropriate structures. Items A and B may be used more than once.

    A. Perilymph

    B. Endolymph Cochlear dart

    Scala Vestibuli

    1 - Cochlear dart

    2 - Semicircular ducts.

    3 - Utricle.

    4 - Scala tympani.

    5 - Vestibule.

    6 - Semicircular canals.

    7 - Saccule.

A-1,5,6,7

B-2,3,4,8

CHOOSE BETWEEN YES OR NO the atlas has a vertebral artery lying on its anterior arch.

A. yes B. no

B. no

CHOOSE BETWEEN YES OR NO the internal carotid artery enters the skull through the foramen lacerum

A. yes B. no

B. no (enters from the carotid canal, in the petrous portion of temporal bone)

CHOOSE BETWEEN YES OR NO the internal carotid artery divides into the anterior and middle cerebral arteries

A. yes B. no

A. yes

CHOOSE BETWEEN YES OR NO vertebral artery unites with opposite fellow to form basilar

A. yes B. no

A. yes

CHOOSE BETWEEN YES OR NO internal carotid artery gives branches to the spinal cord

A. yes B. no

B. no

CHOOSE BETWEEN YES OR NO venous sinuses are delicate blood-filled cavities lined with endothelium

A. yes B. no

A. yes

CHOOSE BETWEEN YES OR NO leptomenix is the clinical name of dura mater

A. yes B. no

B. no

CHOOSE BETWEEN YES OR NO tela choroidea is pia mater, covered in ependymal cells

A. yes B. no

A. yes

CHOOSE BETWEEN YES OR NO subarachnoid space is filled with CSF

A. yes B. no

A. yes

CHOOSE BETWEEN YES OR NO a. cerebri media is direct continutation of a. carotis interna

A. yes B. no

A. yes

CHOOSE ONE CORRECT ANSWER the tentorium cerebelli:

A. is a fold of endosteal dura mater

B. has the inferior sagittal venous sinus running in its free border

C. has the sigmoid venous sinus running in its attached border

D. is attached to the posterior part of the falx cerebri

D. is attached to the posterior part of the falx cerebri

CHOOSE ONE CORRECT ANSWER the CSF:

A. passes into the subarachnoid space through holes in the roof of the fourth ventricle

B. re-enters the circulation via the lateral venous sinuses

C. contains the same amount of protein as plasma

D. passes from the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle through the interventricular foramen

A. passes into the subarachnoid space through holes in the roof of the fourth ventricle

CHOOSE ONE CORRECT ANSWER the inferior sagittal sinus is found in the free edge of what structure?

A. diaphragm sellae

B. falx cerebelli

C. falx cerebri

D. filum terminale

E. tentorium cerebelli

C. falx cerebri

CHOOSE ONE CORRECT ANSWER venous sinuses in the skull are formed by:

A. arachnoidea

B. pia mater

C. lamina externa and lamina interna of the dura mater

D. lamina interna of the skull and lamina externa of the dura mater

C. lamina externa and lamina interna of the dura mater

CHOOSE ONE CORRECT ANSWER plexus choroideus:

A. represents arachnoidea embedded into dura mater

B. is composed of pia mater and ependymal cells

C. is made of dura mater covered with endothelium

D. contains a network of capillaries with discontinuous wall

E. participate in the drainage of the CSF

B. is composed of pia mater and ependymal cells

CHOOSE ONE CORRECT ANSWER sinus sagittalis inferior is located in the free edge:

A. diaphragm sellae

B. tentorium cerebelli

C. falx cerebri

D. falx cerebelli

E. none of these

C. falx cerebri

CHOOSE ONE CORRECT ANSWER from a. basilaris arises:

A. a. cerebri anterior

B. a. cerebri posterior

C. a. cerebri media

D. a. choroidea anterior

B. a. cerebri posterior

CHOOSE ONE CORRECT ANSWER A. carotis interna:

A. enters the cranial cavity through the foramen magnum

B. enters the sinus cavernous

C. gives branches for blood supply of dura mater encephali

D. joins the opposite artery to form a. basilaris

B. enters the sinus cavernous

CHOOSE ONE CORRECT ANSWER blockage of the flow of CSF within the cerebral aqueduct normally would result in the enlargement of all of the following ventricular spaces except the:

A. fourth ventricle

B. interventricular foramen

C. lateral ventricle

D. third ventricle

A. fourth ventricle

CHOOSE ONE CORRECT ANSWER the most likely source of blood in a patient with an epidural hemorrhage is:

A. vertebral artery

B. middle meningeal artery

C. superior cerebral veins

D. anterior cerebral veins

E. circle of Willis

B. middle meningeal artery

INDICATE THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS WITH TRUE OR FALSE the third ventricle:

A. communicates with lateral ventricles through the interventricular foramen

B. communicates with the fourth ventricle by means of the cerebral aqueduct

C. communicates with the subarachnoid space through holes in its roof

D. has no choroid plexus

E. is anterior to the pineal body

A. T

B. T

C. F

D. F

E. T

INDICATE THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS WITH TRUE OR FALSE the vertebral artery:

A. arises lateral to the scalenus anterior muscle

B. is posterior to the inferior thyroid artery

C. passes inferior to the anterior atlanto-occipital membrane

D. lies posterior to the lateral mass of the atlas

E. is lateral to the anterior primary ramus of the first cervical nerve

A. F

B. T

C. F

D. T

E. T

INDICATE THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS WITH TRUE OR FALSE the lateral ventricle:

A. contains the smallest part of the choroid plexuses

B. has a central part which is roofed over by the corpus callosum

C. has an inferior horn which has the amygdaloid in its floor

D. has a posterior horn extending into the occipital lobe

E. lies above the head of the caudate nucleus

A. F

B. T

C. F

D. T

E. T

INDICATE THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS WITH TRUE OR FALSE the pia mater:

A. is separated from the spinal cord by space

B. is very vascular

C. is surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid

D. extends into the brain

E. forms the ligamenta denticulata

A. F

B. T

C. T

D. T

E. T

INDICATE THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS WITH TRUE OR FALSE cerebrospinal fluid:

A. its quantity in the ventricles is about 100-150ml

B. is produced by the arachnoid granulations

C. contain up to 10 erythrocytes in 1 ml

D. is refreshed several times a day

E. enters the venous circulation via active transport

A. T

B. F

C. F

D. T

E. T

INDICATE THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS WITH TRUE OR FALSE A. cerebri media:

A. is a direct extension of a. carotis interna

B. separates branches of the basal nuclei of the brain

C. supplies the medial surface of the hemisphere

D. is connected with a. basilaris by a. communicans posterior

E. its branches pierce the substantia perforata posterior

A. T

B. T

C. F (it supplies the lateral surface)

D. F

E. F

INDICATE THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS WITH TRUE OR FALSE dura mater encephali:

A. forms a septa between parts of the brain

B. encloses spaces filled with cerebrospinal fluid

C. is well invervated

D. forms venous sinuses

E. receives blood supply mainly from branches of a. carotis interna

A. T

B. F

C. T

D. T

E. F

INDICATE THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS WITH TRUE OR FALSE arachnoidea mater encephali:

A. is made up of loose connective tissue

B. is well supplied with blood vessels

C. participate in the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid

D. adheres to pia mater by trabeculae

E. is separated from dura mater with space filled with CSF

A. T

B. F

C. T

D. T

E. F

INDICATE THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS WITH TRUE OR FALSE the internal carotid artery

A. is medial to the oculomotor nerve in the cavernous sinus

B. is posterior to the optic chiasm

C. usually gives of posterior communicating artery

D. enters the skull through the temporal bone

E. usually supplies the occipital pole of the cerebral hemisphere

A. T

B. F

C. T

D. T

E. F

INDICATE THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS WITH TRUE OR FALSE the middle cerebral artery:

A. is the largest branch of the vertebral artery

B. supplies the occipital lobe

C. gives small branches to the corpus callosum

D. can be seen in lateral sulcus

E. makes contact with the cerebellar artery

A. F

B. F

C. T

D. T

E. F

FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH APPROPRIATE WORDS OR PHRASES the ophthalmic artery enters the orbit through:

A.

canalis opticus

FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH APPROPRIATE WORDS OR PHRASES barriers formed by the dura mater are:

A.

B.

C.

D.

A. falx cerebri

B. falx cerebelli

C. tentorium cerebelli

D. diaphragm sellae

FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH APPROPRIATE WORDS OR PHRASES the blood ventricles are:

A.

B.

C.

A. 3rd

B. 4th

C. lateral

FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH APPROPRIATE WORDS OR PHRASES the following are dural sinuses:

A.

B.

C.

A. sinus sagittalis inferior

B. superior

C. transverse

FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH APPROPRIATE WORDS OR PHRASES the membranes that surround the brain are:

A.

B.

C.

A. arachnoid

B . pia mater

C. dura mater

FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH APPROPRIATE WORDS OR PHRASES CSF is produced by: _______

choroid plexus

FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH APPROPRIATE WORDS OR PHRASES the spinal cord and the brain are invested by three meningeal layers

A.

B.

C.

A. arachnoid

B. pia mater

C. dura mater

FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH APPROPRIATE WORDS OR PHRASES dura mater is separated from arachnoid and pia mater by a tiny gap called __________

subdural space

FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH APPROPRIATE WORDS OR PHRASES the space between the arachnoid and pia mater is filled with _______

CSF

FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH APPROPRIATE WORDS OR PHRASES the lateral sulcus transmits the ________ artery

middle cerebral

MATCH EACH NUMBERED TERM WITH THE MOST PROPER LETTERED ONE match the items from both columns to get true statements

A. carotis interna

B. a. basilaris

C. a. cerebri media

D. a. vertebralis

E. a. cerebri anterior

1. longitudinal cerebral fissure

2. sulcus lateralis

3. sinus cavernosus

4. sulcus basiliaris

5. cerebellum

A. 3

B. 4

C. 2

D. 5

E. 1

MATCH EACH NUMBERED TERM WITH THE MOST PROPER LETTERED ONE match the structures from A to E with the structures from 1 to 5

A. falx cerebri

B. tentorium cerebelli

C. internal carotid artery

D. jugular foramen

E. falx cerebelli

1. sigmoid sinus

2. superior sagittal sinus

3. occipital sinus

4. cavernous sinus

5. transverse sinus

A. 2

B. 5

C. 4

D. 1

E. 3

MATCH EACH NUMBERED TERM WITH THE MOST PROPER LETTERED ONE match the structures from A to E with the structures from 1 to 5

A. internal carotid artery

B. basilar artery

C. vertebral artery

1. superior cerebellar A

2. anterior spinal A

3. middle cerebral A

4. posterior cerebral A

5. anterior cerebral A

A. 3, 5

B. 1 ,4

C. 2

MATCH EACH NUMBERED TERM WITH THE MOST PROPER LETTERED ONE match the structures from A to E with the structures from 1 to 5

A. dura mater encephali

B. arachnoidea encephali

C. pia mater encephali

D. subdural space

E. subarachnoid space

1. arachnoid granulations

2. choroid plexus

3. cerebrospinal fluid

4. tentorium cerebelli

5. serous fluid

A. 4

B. 1

C. 2

D. 5

E. 3

the optic nerve is formed by the axons of the ganglion cells in the retina

a. yes

b. no

a. yes

the vagus nerve is secretomotor to the glands of the stomach

a. yes

b. no

a. yes

the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve lies on the medial wall of the cavernous sinus

a. yes

b. no

b. no (it lies on the lateral wall)

abducent nerve is a pure somatomotor nerve

a. yes

b. no

a. yes

ganglion vestibulare is located in the depth of the meatus acusticus internus

a. yes

b. no

a. yes

the hypoglossal nerve has a nucleus in the floor of the fourth ventricle

a. yes

b. no

a. yes

the vestibular part of the vestibulocochlear nerve is entirely sensory

a. yes

b. no

a. yes

the vagus nerve is entirely motor nerve

a. yes b. no

b. no

the vestibular part of the vestibulocochlear nerve has first neurons which are pseudounipolar

a. yes b. no

b. no

the ciliary muscle is supplied by the oculomotor nerve

a. yes b. no

a. yes