History test Mar 11

Delian League

A military alliance led by Athens to fight Persia, which led to resentment due to misuse of funds.

The Parthenon

A temple dedicated to Athena, symbolizing Athenian wealth and power.

The Peloponnesian War

A conflict fought between Athens (and allies) and Sparta (and allies) that resulted in a Spartan victory and weakened Greece.

Who is Philip II of Macedonia

The king who united Greece under Macedonian rule.

Who is Aristotle

The tutor of Alexander the Great, who taught him science, philosophy, and strategy.

Who is Macedonian Phalanx

A military formation of tightly packed soldiers with long spears used effectively by Alexander.

Who is Ptolemy Philadelphus

A ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt from 283 to 246 BC, he aimed to make Alexandria the premier center of learning and culture in the ancient world. He expanded the famous Library of Alexandria and sponsored scholars, poets, and scientists, greatly contributing to advancements in various fields such as literature, astronomy, and mathematics. His reign is noted for the blending of Greek and Egyptian cultures and significant diplomatic engagements.

Who is Euclid

A Greek mathematician often referred to as the 'Father of Geometry'. He organized the knowledge of geometry into a comprehensive framework and authored the influential work 'Elements', which systematically covered the principles of geometry and numbered among the most influential texts in the history of mathematics. His methodical approach laid the groundwork for modern geometry and mathematics education.

Archimedes

An inventor known for creating defensive weapons such as the Archimedes Claw and catapults, along with significant contributions to engineering and mathematics. He also devised the Archimedean screw for raising water and formulated principles of levers and buoyancy, greatly influencing physics and engineering.

Aesop's Fables

Short stories that convey moral lessons, often featuring anthropomorphic animals.

Socratic Method

A teaching technique developed by Socrates that involves asking a series of questions to encourage critical thinking. It's designed to help people explore their beliefs and the reasoning behind them by engaging in a conversation. Instead of giving answers, the teacher guides students to find answers for themselves, promoting deeper understanding and helping them see contradictions in their thoughts.

The Republic

A philosophical work by Plato that explores the nature of justice, the ideal state, and the role of individuals within society. It introduces the concept of philosopher-kings, who are ideal rulers guided by wisdom and reason, and discusses the theory of Forms, suggesting that the physical world is a reflection of a higher reality of perfect forms. The dialogue also examines the education and upbringing required to create virtuous citizens, advocates for a structured society divided into classes, and outlines the importance of justice and virtue in achieving a harmonious community.

Significance of the Hellenistic Age

The Hellenistic Age, occurring from the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC to the emergence of Roman dominance in 31 BC, facilitated unparalleled cultural exchange and the blending of Greek, Egyptian, Persian, and Indian influences. This period saw advancements in various fields including science, art, and philosophy. Notable figures like Archimedes and Euclid made significant contributions to mathematics and engineering, while institutions such as the Library of Alexandria became centers of knowledge, attracting scholars and scientific inquiry. The spread of Greek culture created a common cultural framework, influencing art, literature, and political thought across a vast area, promoting a legacy that shaped Western civilization. Additionally, the Hellenistic Age set the stage for the emergence of new philosophical schools, including Stoicism and Epicureanism, which addressed the complexities of human existence and ethics in a changing world.

Greek Philosophy

The foundation for Western thought, ethics, and political theory, developed by philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.