Chemistry Practice Test — Elements, Ions & Properties of Water

Vocabulary flashcards covering the first 20 elements, their ionic charges, chemical symbols, atomic numbers, and key chemical properties of water and solutions.

Beryllium

An element with the chemical symbol Be.

Sodium

The chemical element with atomic number 11.

Nitrogen Ionic Charge

The typical ionic charge formed by nitrogen, which is $-3$.

Argon

A noble gas element with atomic number 18 that carries no charge.

Potassium

The chemical element represented by the symbol K.

Magnesium

The element with atomic number 12 that commonly forms a $+2$ charge.

Silicon Ionic Charge

The ionic charge of silicon, which is best described as both/varies.

Chlorine

An element with atomic number 17 that forms an anion with a $-1$ charge.

Oxygen Atomic Number

The atomic number of oxygen, which is 8.

Calcium

An element that typically forms a cation (positive ion).

Boron Ionic Charge

The typical charge formed by boron, which is $+3$.

Carbon Charge

The charge of carbon, described as both/varies.

Phosphorus

The chemical element represented by the symbol P.

Aluminum Ionic Charge

The typical ionic charge of aluminum, which is $+3$.

Hydrogen Bond

A bond that forms between a hydrogen atom on one water molecule and the oxygen on a neighboring molecule.

Covalent or Ionic Bond

The bond type described as the strongest in comparison to hydrogen bonds or Van der Waals interactions.

Cohesion

The attraction between molecules of the same substance.

Adhesion

The attraction between molecules of different substances, which helps explain phenomena such as water being drawn up the roots of a plant.

Specific Heat

The amount of energy required to increase the temperature of $1\,\text{gram}$ of a substance by $1\,^\circ\text{C}$.

Solvent

The substance in a solution that does the dissolving.

Solute

The substance in a solution that gets dissolved.

Molarity (M)

A measure of concentration calculated as $\text{moles}/\text{liters}$.

Hydrophilic

A term meaning water-loving.

Hydrophobic

A term describing interactions between nonpolar molecules.

Dissociation

The process of water molecules splitting apart into $H^+$ and $OH^-$ ions.

Water's Solvency Ability

Water's capability to dissolve ionic compounds and polar molecules due to its polarity.

Mixture

Two or more elements or compounds physically mixed but not chemically combined.

Polar and Nonpolar Mixing Behavior

The general property where nonpolar and polar molecules do not like to mix together (like oil and water).