DP IB Chemistry SL - Introduction

Flashcards about the particulate nature of matter for DP IB Chemistry SL, covering chemical elements, compounds, mixtures, separating mixtures, changes of state, and average kinetic energy.

What are elements?

Substances made from one kind of atom; atoms cannot be chemically broken down into simpler substances.

What are compounds?

Substances made from two or more elements chemically bonded in fixed ratios.

What is a mixture?

A substance that contains more than one element or compound in no fixed ratio, where the components are interspersed but not chemically combined.

What is a homogeneous mixture?

A mixture with uniform composition and properties throughout (e.g., air, bronze).

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

A mixture with non-uniform composition, so its properties are not the same throughout (e.g., concrete, orange juice with pulp).

What property differences are exploited when separating mixtures?

Differences in physical properties such as boiling point, solubility, magnetism, and density.

What is solvation?

The process where a solute dissolves in a solvent due to the attraction between solvent and solute particles.

What is filtration?

A technique used to separate an undissolved solid from a liquid or solution using a filter paper.

What is crystallization?

A technique used to separate a dissolved solid from a solution based on differences in solubility at different temperatures.

What is recrystallization?

A technique used to purify an impure solid by dissolving it in hot solvent and allowing it to crystallize as the solution cools.

What is simple distillation used for?

Separating a solvent from a solute or a pure liquid from a mixture based on differences in boiling point.

What is fractional distillation used for?

Separating two or more miscible liquids with similar boiling points using a fractionating column.

What is paper chromatography used for?

Separating dissolved substances in a mixture based on differences in solubility and adsorption to the paper.

What are the three standard states of matter?

Solid, liquid, and gas.

What is the relationship between temperature and average kinetic energy?

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance; temperature in Kelvin is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy.