Chapter 13 – Trace Minerals

A set of Question-and-Answer style flashcards covering functions, deficiencies, sources, RDAs, and ULs of the major trace minerals discussed in Chapter 13.

What trace mineral is part of hemoglobin and myoglobin, making oxygen available for blood and muscle use?

Iron

Give three common symptoms of iron-deficiency anemia.

Weakness/fatigue, impaired immunity, pale skin (plus headaches, concave nails, inability to regulate body temperature, pica).

Which fruit or beverage rich in vitamin C is noted for enhancing iron absorption?

Oranges (or orange juice).

Which trace mineral is part of insulin and many enzymes, supporting immune function, wound healing, and taste perception?

Zinc

Name two hallmark signs of zinc deficiency.

Stunted growth and delayed sexual maturation (also impaired immunity, hair loss, loss of appetite, skin/eye lesions).

List two reliable dietary sources of zinc.

Protein-rich foods such as red meat and shellfish (also fish, fortified cereals, whole grains).

Which trace mineral participates in oxidation–reduction reactions and, when deficient, can cause anemia and bone abnormalities?

Copper

Identify two good food sources of copper.

Seafood and nuts (also legumes, whole grains, seeds).

Which trace mineral is a cofactor for many enzymes involved in bone formation and is abundant in nuts and whole grains?

Manganese

Name two common food sources of manganese.

Nuts and leafy vegetables (also whole grains and tea).

What trace mineral is an essential component of thyroid hormones and prevents goiter?

Iodine

What public-health measure is widely used to prevent iodine deficiency worldwide?

Iodization of table salt.

Which trace mineral is part of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase and whose deficiency is linked to Keshan disease?

Selenium

Give two foods typically rich in selenium.

Seafoods and organ meats (other meats, whole grains, fruits and vegetables can also contribute depending on soil content).

Which trace mineral strengthens tooth enamel and helps prevent dental caries?

Fluoride

What oral health problem is associated with inadequate fluoride intake?

Increased susceptibility to tooth decay.

Which trace mineral enhances insulin action and may improve glucose tolerance?

Chromium

List two dietary sources rich in chromium.

Liver (meats) and whole grains (also brewer’s yeast).

Which trace mineral serves as a cofactor for several enzymes, is found in legumes, grains, and nuts, and has no known human deficiency?

Molybdenum