Organizations and Key Figures in the Civil Rights Movement

This set of flashcards explores significant organizations, key figures, and ideologies of the civil rights movement, highlighting their contributions and strategies toward racial equality.

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

Created in 1909; utilized legal challenges to segregation and sought gradual reform through courts.

National Urban League (NUL)

Founded in 1910; focused on economic empowerment and vocational training for Black migrants.

Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters (BSCP)

Established in 1925; aimed at labor organizing and linking union power to civil rights.

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)

Created in 1942; promoted nonviolent direct action to confront segregation.

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

Formed in 1957; focused on mass mobilization and grassroots organizing through churches.

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

Founded in 1960; youth-led organization that advocated for grassroots activism and voter registration.

African Blood Brotherhood (ABB)

Established in 1919; emphasized self-defense and influenced early Pan-African movements.

Negro American Labor Council (NALC)

Founded in 1960; aimed to address racial discrimination within labor unions.

Black Panther Party (BPP)

Founded in 1966; focused on community survival programs and armed self-defense against police brutality.

Nation of Islam (NOI)

Founded in 1930; sought religious and economic uplift, with a focus on Black self-sufficiency.

Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP)

Founded in 1964; aimed to challenge all-white Democratic Party and advocate for Black political representation.

Heman Sweatt

Plaintiff in Sweatt v. Painter (1950); challenged segregated higher education in Texas.

Thurgood Marshall

NAACP lawyer who argued Brown v. Board of Education; first African American Supreme Court Justice.

Rosa Parks

NAACP member whose actions sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955.

Martin Luther King Jr.

Co-founder of SCLC; key leader in the civil rights movement advocating for nonviolent protest.

Fannie Lou Hamer

SNCC organizer who advocated for voting rights and co-founded the MFDP.

Civil rights movement

A struggle for social justice aimed at ending racial discrimination and ensuring legal rights for Black Americans.

Interracial coalition

The concept of building alliances among different racial groups to advocate for civil rights.

Militant race consciousness

The ideology emphasizing solidarity and self-determination among Black people to resist oppression.