reactions year 10 ugh
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53 Terms
closed system
a system from which energy can flow in and out but matter cannot
conservation of mass
mass cannot be created or destroyed
electrolysis
passing electricity through a substance to break it up
molecular formula
a chemical formula for molecules showing the type and exact number of atoms in a substance
molecule
two or more atoms covalently bonded to form a discrete or seperate unit of atoms
open system
a system that allows matter and energy to flow in and out
particle
a small part of a type of matter, including an atom or a molecule
product
a substance formed in a chemical reaction
reactant
a substance at the start of a chemical reaction
chemical formula
chemical symbols showing the ratio of elements to one another in a compound
polyatomic ion
two or more ions bonded together and acting as a single charged unit
prefix
letters or numbers places before the stem of a word
aqueous
dissolved in water, or in an aqueous solution
chemical equation
a chemical reaction represented using chemical formulas of reactants and products
coefficient
a number placed beofre the chemical in a forumla or chemical equation
skeleton equation
a chemical equation that has not been comlpeted and/or balanced
species
a specific form of chemical substance involved in a reaction
sublime
to change state from solid to gas without passing through a liquid phase
word equation
a representation of a chemical reaction using the names of the reactants and products
corrosion
the degradation of a metal due to reacting with its environment
decomposition reaction
a reaction in which one reactant breaks down to form multiple objects
degradation
the detereoriation of physical properties of a metal
rusting
the corrosion of iron to form iron oxides
synthesis reaction
a reaction in which two or more reactants combine to form a more complex product
displacement reaction
a reaction in which an element replaces another element in a compound
dissociate
to split apart into ions in water; to dissolve ionic compounds
double-displacement reaction
a reaction in which two compounds replace eachother to form two new compounds
net ionic equation
a chemical equation that only includes the ions and precipitate involved in the reaction; not spectator ions
precipitate
an insoluable product that forms a solid in solution
precipitation reaction
a type of double displacement reaction that forms a precipitate when two solutions are combined
single-displacement reaction
a reaction in which a more reactive elements replaces a less reactive element from a compound
spectator ion
an ion that does not take part in the reaction
acid
a substance with a pH of less than 7
alkali
a base that is dissolved in water
base
a substance with a pH of more than 7
caustic
able to burn or corrode organic tussue through chemical action
concentration
the amount of a substance in a volume of solution
corrosive
highly reactive and damaging or destructive to another substance
ionic salt
a compound made up of a cation and an anion
neutralise
to make something chemically neutral; neither acidic nor basic
pH
afigure expressing the acidity or alkalinity of a solution
carbonate
a substance containing the elements carbon and oxygen
indicator
a substance used to determine the acidity of a solution
neutralisation reaction
a reaction involving an acid and a base to produce water and salt
strong acid
an acid that ionises completely in water
weak acid
an acid that partially ionises in water
ionise
lose or gain electrons
activiation theory
the energy required for successful collisions and a chemical reaction to occur
collision theory
a theory which states that for a chemical reaction to occur, particles just collide with the correct orientation and with enough energy; can be used to predict the rate of reactions.
catalyst
a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up
enzyme
a biological catalyst that increases the rate of reactions in cells
kinetic energy
the energy of movement
surface area
the area of the outermost layer of an object