Social Science Quarter 3 MQE

Guangzhou port

Guangzhou port

Goods that came into China from other countries had to pass through this port

Chinese tea

Britain bought a large amount of this product from the Chinese

Opium

A product introduced by the British to the Chinese market where they prescribed the use of this product to relieve the pain of their patients

12 million Chinese

Number of Chinese who got addicted to opium

Queen Victoria

Who is this monarch whom the Qing Dynasty decided to write to to demand that they stop sending opium to China?

Opium War of 1839

What event happened when the British disagreed to stop the trading of opium in China?

Powered Gunboats

What was the advantage of the British in the Opium Wars?

China lost

What was the result of the Opium War?

Treaty of Nanjing

What was the consequence of the Opium War?

Hong Kong

What Chinese territory was given to the British Kingdom as a consequence of the Treaty of Nanjing?

Extraterritorial rights

What did later treaties after the Treaty of Nanjing give to foreign countries in China?

Growing population

Aside from the presence of foreign forces, what was another problem that China faced in the mid-19th century which was exacerbated by a lack of food?

Hong Xiuquan

Which Chinese leader led the Taiping Rebellion which was formed with the ope that all Chinese people would share China’s vast wealth and no one would live in poverty?

Taiping Rebellion

What do you call the rebellion led by Hong Xiuquan which means Great Peace?

20 million Chinese

The number of people killed during the Taiping Rebellion

Empress Dowager Cixi

What is the name of the ruler of China who was able to support reforms in China’s education, civil service, and the military? However, despite their reforms, the Chinese people continued to suffer.

Sphere of Influence

Because the ruler of China at this time failed to commit to reforms, the foreigners in China gained this wherein foreign nations controlled trade and investment.

Open Door Policy

The United States resisted a sphere of influence in China and insisted on this instead which would give all foreign nations equal opportunities and access to Chinese markets. What do you call this policy?

Emperor Guangxu

Who is this ruler of China who tried to initiate comprehensive reforms in China, but was rejected by the conservatives, and eventually, that caused even more frustration among the Chinese and resulted in violence?

Boxer Rebellion

Which organization was called the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists which was organized to fight the Dowager Empress’ rule and foreign influences in culture and religion?

Isolation from other countries

What was the situation of Japan during the 16th to the mid-18th century?

China, Korea, Netherlands

What were the three countries the Tokugawa shoguns had diplomatic and trade contacts with?

Commodore Matthew Perry

Who is this person who had outraged the Japanese through show of American steamships + handed the letter from Millard Fillmore to accept free trade between the Americans and the Japanese?

Gunboat Diplomacy

Foreign policy that is supported by the use or threat of military force.

Unequal Treaties

These treaties gave the foreigners more advantages than the people they signed the treaty with, often putting them to a disadvantage

Treaty of Kanagawa

Which treaty was signed by the United States and Japan which stipulated two Japanese ports to be opened for the US to trade with Japan?

Emperor Mutsuhito

Who is this Emperor who gained power because many Japanese became disappointed in their shogun after the existence of foreign treaties?

Meiji Restoration/Meiji Era

What do you call this period in Japan from 1867 to 1912 which was known as the enlightened rule in Japan?

Modernization of Japan

What was the major priority of Emperor Mutsuhito in the Meiji Restoration?

Germany

Japan patterned their government after which Western country?

Great Britain

Japan patterned their army after which Western country?

United States

Japan patterned their educational system after which Western country?

Coal, railroads, factories

How did Japan employ the Western methods for industrialization?

Imperialistic

Japanese people started to feel equally footed with the Western powers and these feelings led to Japan becoming more ______ by showing the world that they were a rising power.

They opened three trading ports

How did Japan demonstrate its imperialistic motives in Korea?

Trading, military outpost

China shared similar interests to Korea as both nations recognized Korea’s importance in terms of _____ and _____.

Motivation for the Sino-Japanese War

China and Japan pledged to not send armies to Korea but China sent a troop to appease a rebellion against a Korean monarch.

Taiwan and the Pescadores Islands

The Sino-Japanese War result in Japan gaining its first colonies. What were these colonies?

Russia

In 1904, Japan waged another war with a stronger nation, ___ when both countries wanted to take full control of Manchuria.

Manchuria

Japan and Russia wanted to take full control of this territory.

Treaty of Portsmouth

This stipulated the withdrawal of Russian forces in Manchuria and gave captured territories to Japan

Korea was annexed by Japan

In 1910, what happened to Korea?

Nationalism

The annexation of Korea led to ______.

Panama Canal

This was built as a result of the United States intervention in Latin America for maritime trade in 1914.

Columbians

The Panama Canal was built after Americans aided the Panamanians to gain its independence from the _____ for a century.

Latin America

A region that constitutes Mexico, Central America, South America, and the West Indies which became free from the colonial powers of the European world and started to build their national identities

Political Instability

Instead of real liberty and improvement, this was the only change that Latin Americans gained after their independence from their colonizers.

Caudillos

These Latin American leaders who became famous and powerful because of their contributions during their quest for their independence who became military dictators.

United States and Britain

Which two countries became the leading trading partners among Latin American countries?

Latin American nations became less self-sufficient

What was a consequence of 19th century modern technology proliferating in Latin American countries?

They had to borrow capital

Why did Latin American countries become less self-sufficient as time progressed?

Economic Colonialism

Britain, France, the United States, and Germany continued to control Latin American countries when the latter was unable to pay their obligations that gave rise to the birth of __________ in Latin America.

James Monroe

Which US president issued the Monroe Doctrine?

Monroe Doctrine

This document states that the American continents are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European pwoers, and was later extended to Latin American nations.

Cuba

Where did the United States first extend the Monroe doctrine?

Spanish-American War

Which war ended Spain’s colonial empire in the Western Hemisphere and secured the position of the United States as a Pacific power?

Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines

As a consequence of the Spanish-American war, the Spanish were humiliated by their defeat from the Americans, so they gave up the following territories: _____, ____, and _____.

Atlantic and Pacific Ocean

Which oceans did the Panama canal link together?

Theodore Roosevelt

Which US president signed the Roosevelt Corollary?

Roosevelt Corollary

Which extension of the Monroe doctrine gave rights to the United States as the international police power in Latin America which is used to explain their presence in Latin America for years?

Peaceful

By the turn of the 20th century, Europe was in a relatively ______ condition.

Militarism

A policy of glorifying military power, promoting the build-up of military power, and keeping a standing army always prepared for war.

Navy

Britain’s strength lies in its _____.

Defense plans

Military officials methodically created _______ based on their capability to attack in time.

Dreadnought

A ship built by the British for World War I

U-boat

A ship built by the Germans for World War I

Alliances

An agreement between two or more states for their mutual benefit

Two

One potent cause of tension was the division of Europe into ____ alliance systems.

Otto von Bismarck

German Chancellor who made an alliance with Austria-Hungary and Italy

Russia

In 1887, Germany formed an alliance with this country but it was a weak one because his country and Austria were potential enemies.

Entente Cordiale

In 1904, France and Britain formed the _______ which means “friendly understanding”.

Triple Entente

In 1907, out of mutual fear of Germany, Britain, France and Russia entered an agreement that formed the _________.

Chain reaction

The occurrence of a ____ is one of the dangerous effects of the alliances formed between countries because the involvement of the countries’ allies in the conflict is inevitable, thus increasing its scale.

Nationalism

A feeling of devotion to and pride in one’s country where people should be loyal to their nation (people they share a culture and history with) rather than to a king or an empire.

Alsace, Lorraine

French nationalists wanted to regain ______ and _____ from Germany.

Unifying

Nationalism plays a _____ role within a country.

Intense competition

But Nationalism can also trigger a feeling among people that can cause ______ between and among countries.

Slavs

The Russian Pan-Slavists wanted Russia to rule over the _____ of Eastern Europe.

Imperialism

A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other coutnries politically, economically, and socially.

Assassination

The immediate cause of the war; Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie were assassinated in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914.

Archduke

Equivalent of Heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian throne

Sarajevo

Where was Franz Ferdinand and Sophie assassinated?

Gavrilo Princip

A Serbian nationalist who assassinated Franz Ferdinand, member of the Black Hand Movement

Black Hand Movement

An organization that aimed to rid Bosnia of Austrian rule

Slavic Revolution

The Serbians hoped that the assassination of the archduke and his wife would lead to a _______.

Serbia

The Austrian authorities considered the assassination of Franz Ferdinand as a reason to attack _______.

Belgium

Germany invaded ______ when the latter refused the former’s request for permission to march through their lands in order to attack France.

They fulfilled their vow to guarantee Belgian neutrality

Why did the British join the war?

Eastern Front

The battlefield along the German and Russian border

Russia

In the Eastern Front, _____ made an attack on Austria and Germany and they initially won, but towards the end of 1914, the Austrians defeated them.

Losses in the Russian Army, Domestic Problems, and Bolshevik Revolution

What factors led to the loss of Russia?

Western Front

Region in northern France where long and bloody stalemates were fought and where Germany failed to do the Schlieffen Plan because the Russians moved faster than expected.

Schlieffen Plan

Germany devised this plan wherein they would first attack and defeat France in the west and then rush to the east to battle out with Russia.

Trench Warfare

A form of military operations in which opposing armed forces attack, counterattack, and defend from trenches dug into the ground

No man’s land

An unoccupied land located between two trench systems where opposing camps feared to cross because of the danger of being attacked by the enemy.

Total War

Was introduced to describe the intense mobilization of society. It meant that civilians were equally important as soldiers in war, and that they were therefore vulnerable to enemy actions.

Home Front

Civilian populations, mobilized to shoulder the burden of feeding, clothing, and equipping the army.

French

Under propaganda, the _____ people assumed that the government had no other purpose than to defend liberty, justice and reason

superior culture

The Germans were presented with the task of defending their ______from the Slavs and Allies of the West.

Caporetto

In the fall of 1917, German and Austrian forces broke through the Italian lines at _______, taking around 275,000 prisoners and forcing the retreat of the Italian army.