Bones of the pelvic limb

Os ilium

Wing-shaped cranial part of pelvis; forms sacroiliac joint dorsally.

Os ischium

Caudal ventral part of pelvis; forms ischiatic tuberosity for hamstring attachment.

Os pubis

Cranial ventral part of pelvis; forms pubic symphysis medially.

Acetabulum

Deep socket formed by ilium, ischium, pubis; articulates with femoral head.

Foramen obturatorium

Large oval opening between pubis and ischium; passage for obturator nerve.

Crista iliaca

Dorsal border of ilium; attachment for abdominal muscles.

Tuberositas iliaca

Rough prominence on ventral ilium; origin of rectus femoris.

Corpus ossis ilii

Body of ilium; connects to sacrum.

Arcus ischiadicus

Arch formed by ischium; borders pelvic outlet.

Symphysis pelvina

Midline fusion of pubes and ischia; forms pelvic floor.

Caput femoris

Rounded proximal head; fits into acetabulum.

Collum femoris

Neck connecting head to shaft.

Trochanter major

Large lateral prominence proximal; insertion of gluteal muscles.

Trochanter minor

Smaller medial prominence proximal; insertion of iliopsoas.

Fossa trochanterica

Depression between trochanters; insertion of obturator externus.

Facies aspera

Rough caudal ridge on shaft; attachment for adductors.

Corpus femoris

The body (Shaft) of femur is the diaphysis of the femur.

Condylus lateralis

Lateral distal condyle; articulates with tibia.

Condylus medialis

Medial distal condyle; articulates with tibia.

Fossa intercondylaris

Deep groove between condyles; cruciate ligament attachment.

Trochlea femoris

Cranial pulley for patella; guides extensor mechanism.

Fossa supracondylaris

Shallow depression above lateral condyle; origin of gastrocnemius.

Patella

Sesamoid bone in quadriceps tendon; articulates with femoral trochlea.

Basis patellae

Proximal broad end; insertion of quadriceps.

Apex patellae

Distal pointed end; attachment of patellar ligament.

Facies articularis

Caudal smooth surface; glides on femoral trochlea.

Tuberositas tibiae

Cranial prominence proximal; insertion of patellar ligament.

Corpus tibiae

Triangular shaft; caudal flat surface.

Crista tibiae

Sharp cranial border; palpable subcutaneously.

Malleolus medialis

Medial distal prominence; ligament attachment.

Cochlea tibiae

Distal grooved surface; articulates with talus.

Sulcus malleolaris lateralis

Lateral groove distal; peroneal tendon passage.

Caput fibulae

Proximal head; articulates with tibia laterally.

Corpus fibulae

Slender shaft; minimal weight-bearing.

Malleolus lateralis

Distal lateral prominence; ligament attachment.

Facies articularis distalis

Distal facet; articulates with talus laterally.

Talus

Proximal tarsal bone; articulates with tibia and fibula proximally.

Trochlea tali

Proximal pulley; fits into tibial cochlea.

Collum tali

Neck connecting trochlea to body.

Caput tali

Distal head; articulates with central tarsal.

Calcaneus

Largest tarsal bone; forms hock point caudally.

Tuber calcanei

Proximal prominence; insertion of Achilles tendon.

Processus coracoideus

Cranial projection on calcaneus; ligament attachment.

Os tarsale centrale

Central tarsal bone; connects proximal and distal rows.

Os tarsale I

First distal tarsal; supports Mt1 if present.

Os tarsale II

Second distal tarsal; supports Mt2.

Os tarsale III

Third distal tarsal; supports Mt3.

Os tarsale IV

Fourth distal tarsal; supports Mt4 and Mt5.

Os metatarsale II

Medial weight-bearing metatarsal; supports digit 2.

Os metatarsale III

Central longest metatarsal; main weight axis.

Os metatarsale IV

Lateral metatarsal; supports digit 4.

Os metatarsale V

Outermost metatarsal; supports digit 5.

Basis metatarsalis

Proximal base; articulates with distal tarsals.

Corpus metatarsale

Slender shaft; smooth plantar surface.

Caput metatarsale

Distal head; articulates with proximal phalanx.