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What is metabolic acidosis?
It is usually noticed with gas result
You will see low pH (acidosis) low bicarb & negative base excess
What are some of the triggers or pathophysiological events that could lead to metabolic acidosis?
Asphyxia,
Loss of base (gastrointestinal such as ostomy losses or renal, or post-operative losses)
Excessive intake of H+ ions beyond what the kidneys can eliminate
Excessive generation of H+ ions from abnormal cellular metabolism, especially lactic acidosis in hypoxia and sepsis
Severe tissue-level hypoxia secondary to either poor perfusion or oxygen delivery can shift metabolism towards anerobic glycolysis with the generation of H+ ions and lower ATP production, and subsequent production of lactic acid
Sepsis
Persistent pulmonary hypertension
What is the mnemonic to remember causes of (both metabolic or respiratory acidosis) in newborn?
Neonatal metabolic acidosis mnemonic | |
|---|---|
A | Asphyxia |
C | Cardiac disease (left sided obstruction, cyanotic heart disease, cardiac failure, PDA) |
I | Infection (Sepsis), Inborn errors of metabolism |
D | Diarrhea |
S | Shock |
H | Hypoxia |
O | Ostomy loss |
C | Chloride excess/carbonic anhydrase inhibitors |
K | Kidney Losses (distal/proximal RTA) |
What are the consequences of not treating acidosis?
Hemodynamic instability
Reduces myocardial contractility, predisposing to arrhythmia.
Induces vasodilation, and impairing the response to catecholamines by reducing cellular calcium influx, increasing extracellular potassium, and depleting pituitary vasopressin reserves
What are some of the adverse effects of giving sodium bicarbonate for metabolic acidosis?
known adverse effects associated with NaHCO3 administration, such as 1. fluctuations in cerebral blood flow
cardiovascular hemodynamics
increased rates of severe IVH in preterm babies
What does Thrombocytopenia mean?
low blood platelet count (below 150,000/µL)
What are some early causes of thrombocytopenia (less than 72hours)?
Preterm birth
Low birth weight
Maternal preeclampsia
Placental insufficiency
Growth restrictions
What are some late causes or other causes?
Late-Onset ( After 72hrs)
Usually caused by sever infections: bacterial or fungal infections
NEC
Immune-Mediated
Maternal antibodies attack the baby’s platelets: FNAIT