John Brown Test pt 1

first article name?

Which John Brown? ?? - john browns raid 1859- harpers ferry virginia

When was John Brown's Raid?

October 16, 1859

How many people were in his army during the raid?

Where did he lead them into?

- small army of 18 men

- small town of Harper's Ferry, VA

What was Brown aiming to accomplish from the rebellion?

aiming to instigate a major slave rebellion in the South

What was his plan from the rebellion? (3)

1) he would seize the arms and ammunition in the federal arsenal

2) he would arm the slaves in the area with them

3) he would then move south along the App mountains to attract more slaves to his cause

Why was his plan doomed from the beginning? (2)

- he had no rations

- he had no escape route

What did the plan succeed in doing? (2)

- deepening the divide between the North and South

- seizing the federal complex with little resistance

John Brown and his "cohorts" marched into...

- what does cohorts mean

- group of people united under a single cause

What did the federal complex consist of? (3)

- armory (place where weapons are kept)

- arsenal (weapon collection)

- engine house (contains machinery)

After Brown marched into unsuspecting Harper's Ferry and seized complex, what did he do?

- sent.....

- collected... (give ex)

- sat...

- sent a patrol out to contact slaves

- collected several hostages, including grandnephew of GW

- sat down to wait

Who "surrounded" Brown?

- what did they do

- how many townspeople and people from Brown's company died

Where did Brown not find support?

local citizens and militia surrounded him

- exchanged gunfire

- 2 townspeople killed

- 8 Brown's company people killed

slaves did not rise to his support

Who then arrived to arrest Brown?

- their actions?

- caught?- and if so, turned over to who?

Troops under command of Lieutenant Colonel Robert E. Lee

- stormed engine house

- turned Brown and his men over to VA authorities to be tried for treason

What was Brown's sentence?

- quickly tried and sentenced to hang on December 2nd

Brown's effort to start rebellion was over ______ hours after it started

36

What were the consequences of his raid in the north?

- greeted with ______

- while they recognized the raid was ______, some still ________

- what 2 things happened on the day of his execution?

- greeted with widespread admiration (by many)

- while they recognized the raid was the work of a madman, some northerns acc admired his zeal and courage

- church bells pealed; songs and paintings were created in his honor

church bells "pealed"

- what does pealed mean

rung

Brown was essentially turned into _______.

an instant martyr

Ralph Waldo Emerson predicted that Brown would....

.... "make the gallows as glorious as the cross"

"gallows"

- place for hanging criminals

In europe, why was Victor Hugo aghast?

- the shining star of liberty (America) dared to execute this soldier of christ (Brown)

the majority of northern newspapers had what opinion on the raid?

denounced it

- While the South accused...

- The Republican Party....

- Republicans of conspiring with Brown

- adopted a plank, condemning John Brown and his ill-fated plan

a "plank"

- fundamental point or belief

Lincoln's Response

- opinion on John Brown

- condemned Brown to what?

- accused south of what?

- challenged the south to what?

- proclaimed _______ innocence

- spoke out against John Brown

- condemned Brown to the punishment of the crime (hanging)

- accused south of erroneously connecting the repub party to brown's venture

- challenged them to submit proof of guilt

- republican

"erroneously"

mistakenly

what was the reaction of the southerners?

What two questions did they ask themselves?

- shocked and outraged

- how could anyone be so sympathetix to a fanatic who destroyed their property and threatened lives with his violence?

- how could they live under a government whose citizens throught of Brown as a martyr?

"martyr"

- anyone that suffers symbolic consequences in protest for something they believe in

what did southern newspapers do?

- labeled the entire north as john brown sympathizers

what did southern politicians do? (2)

- blamed the repub party

- falsely claimed that lincoln supported Brown's intentions

compromise as told by the article

- storm gathering

- voices supported comp grew silent

In the climate of fear and hostility

- what happened with election of 1860 (2)

- election year of 1860 opened ominously

- Lincoln became unthinkable to many in the south

Lincoln's response to the democrat allegations of the republican conspiracy thing

- date

- place

- Copper Union (speech)

- February 27, 1860

Lincoln's actual response to the democrat allegations

- you guys charge us w...

- but we didnt even do that like whats ur proof?

- if we are, in fact, guilty...

- if you do know that we are guilty.... and if you don't know it

- stirring up insurrections (violent uprisings) among slaves

- but the republicans deny it bc like whats ur proof- is it Harper's Ferry or John Brown? The thing is Brown wasn't even a republican and you havent even found any of the imprisoned (from Harper's Ferry) to be republican.

- if anyone apart of the republican party does end up being guilty, you wouldnt even know and bc you dont know its not fair to point fingers at us without proof

- if you dont know, for a fact that we are guilty, then you should have pointed finger at us and given proof; if you dont know, its horrible that you persist in accusing us without proof (basically Lincoln is saying the Dems are wrong in the case of either)

What does Lincoln identify the Democrats' accusations as?

- malicious slander

Lincoln's thoughts on Brown's rebellion

- Browns attempt was ___ and a failed attempt to...

- the plan was literaly so stupid that...

- how does he compare the rebellion to the assassination of kings and emperors

- peculiar, bc it wasnt a slave insurrection (uprising)... failed attempt by white men to start a revolt among slaves (slaves wouldnt participate)

- slaves (even though theyre ignorant) saw that it wouldn't succeed

- an enthusiast broods (contemplates) over the oppression of some group of people until he just randomly takes it upon himself, commissioning himself by heaven, to liberate them. the enthusiast tries, and then fails and it results in his execution

Who was Victor Hugo?

- _________ writer/_____

- a ________ of the times

- author of _____ and ______

- well respected and famous writer/intellect

- a contemporary of the times

- author of les mis and hunchback of notre dame

How does Hugo describe America?

- a noble nation

- the impulse of humanity sprung quickly into life among the group of free people

What does Hugo say we should hope for? and if otherwise?

- we may still hope that Brown will be saved

- If it were otherwise, Brown should die on scaffold, a terrible calamity (distressful event)

Who did Hugo say was the executioner of Brown?

- the whole american nation

How does Hugo describe Brown? (2)

- the liberator

- the champion of christ

Hugo: "When we reflect on what Brown has striven to effect, and we remember that he is about to die, slaughtered by _________, the crime assumes an importance _________ with that of the nation which commuts it..."

- what does this mean

- the American Republic

- co-extensive

- when we think about john brown's intent and how america murdered him for it (despite his pure intentions), we must realize that this is an extention of us as a nation and his slaughtering essentially reflects back on america

Hugo: "when we say to ourselves that this nation is one of the glories of the human race" like:

- 3 countries

- an agent of ____

- leaves people in her rear

- Queen of ___

- her brow is _____

- France, England, and Germany

- one of the great agents of civilization

- sometimes even leaves Europe in the rear by the sublime audacity of some of her progressive movements

- she si the Queen of an entire world

- her brow is irradiated (lit by) a glorious halo of freedom

Hugo declares that if are going to regard America this great nation, then...

- because...

we must convict John Brown as not dead, bc we would recoil in horror if so great a crime (killing brown) is committed by so great a people.

second article heading and subheading?

- John Brown's Day of Reckoning

- the abolitionist's bloody raid on a federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry 150 years ago set the stage for the Civil War

what does the first picture in the second article depict? Where is this image from?

- John Brown and his followers were holed up in the fire engine house waiting for their reinforcements from "a swarm of bees" (slaves from the surrounding areas); however only a few showed up

- the library of congress

second article

- author

- publisher

- date published

- Fergus M Bordewich

- Smithsonian Magazine

- October 2009

________ lay sleeping on the night of ___________ as _____ heavily armed men stole down mist-shrouded bluffs (steep rock) along the ______ River where it joins the _______.

- Harper's Ferry, VA

- October 16, 1859

- 19

- Potomac

- Shenandoah

Who was this groups leader?

- name

- age

- weight

- 2 physical characteristics

- John Brown

- 59

- "rail thin"

- graying hair anf penetrating steel-gray eyes

describe the two groups who strode to VA (from Maryland) across a covered railroad

1) callow (inexperienced) farm boys

2) seasoned veterens of the guerrilla war in disputed Kansas

who were among the group that strode to Virginia (6)

- browns youngest sons: Watson and Oliver

- a fugitive slave from Charleston, South Carolina

- an African American student at Oberlin College

- a pair of Quaker brothers from Iowa who had abandoned their pacifist beliefs to follow Brown

- a former slave from VA

- men from CT, NY, PA, and Indiana

the raid that Sunday night would be what type of instance?

- most daring instance on record of white men entering a southern state to incite a slave rebellion

In military terms, how would the raid be classified?

What impact did the incident have?

- barely a skirmish

- it electrified the nation and made John Brown a figure who remains one of the most emotive touchstones of america's racial history

public opinion of the raid? (3)

- lionized by some

- loathed by others

- few are indifferent

Brown's mantle (platform) has been claimed by figures as diverse as...

- Malcom X

- Timothy McVeigh

- Socialist Leader Eugene Debs

- abortion protesters espousing violence

Who is Dennis Frye and what did he comment on regarding John Brown?

- "americans do not deliberate about John Brown- they feel him"

- "He is still alive today in the American soul. He represents something for each of us, but none of us is in agreement about what he means"

- the national park service's chief historian at Harper's Ferry

Who is John Stauffer and what did he comment on regarding John Brown?

- what is he the author of?

- "the impact of harper's ferry quite literally transformed the nation"

- Harvard historian

- The Black hearts of Men: Radical Abolitionists and the Transformation of Race

In what ways did Harper's Ferry traumatize Americans?

- north

- south

- terrorized southerners with the fear of massive slave rebellions

- radicalizing countless northerners, who had hoped that violent confrontation over slavery could be indefinitely (unlimited time period) postponed

before harper's ferry, what did leading politicians believe?

- however, what happened after it?

- that the widening division between north and south would eventually yield to compromise

- after it, the chasm (fissure) appeared unbridgeable

Harper's Ferry

- splintered which party?

- scrambled the leadership of which party?

- produced conditions that enabled what?

- the democratic party

- republican party

- Republican Lincoln to defeat two Democrats and a third-party candidate in the presidential election of 1860

Who is David Reynolds and how did he comment on John Brown?

- what is he the author of?

- City University New york historian

- author of John Brown: Abolitionist

- "Had John Brown's raid not occurred, it is very possible that the 1860 election would have been a regular two-party contest between antislavery Republicans and pro-slavery Democrats"

- "The Democrats would probably have won, since lincoln recieved just 40% of the popular vote, around 1 million votes less than his three opponents"

while the democrats were split over slavery...

Republican candidates like William Seward were tarnished by their assossiation with abolitionists

Lincoln, at the time, was even regarded as one of his party's...

more conservativ options

Reynolds also described John Brown as a...

"hammer that shattered Lincoln's opponents into fragments"

Reynolds also said, "Because Brown helped to disrupt the party system, Lincoln....

was carried to victory, which in turn led 11 states to secede from the union. This led to civil war"

Well into the 20th century, it was common to dismiss Brown as ______

an irrational fanatic

In the 1940 (pro southern) film the Santa Fe Trail....

actor Raymond Massey portrayed him as a wild-eyed madman.

The civil rights movement and a more thoughtful acknowledgement of the nation's racial problems have occasioned a more nuanced view-

- why was brown thought mad

"Brown was thought mad because he crossed the line of permissible dissent," Stauffer says. "He was willing to sacrifice his life for the cause of blacks, and for this, in a culture that was simply marinated in racism, he was called mad"