UCSP Exam2

State

it is a community of persons, more or less numerous, occupying a definite portion of earth’s surface, having its own government, through which the inhabitants render habitual obedience free from outside control.

People or Population, Territory, Government and Sovereignty

Four elements of state

People or Population

is important that a community of persons is composed of both males and

females for purposes of reproduction.

Territory

The territory should be a fixed and bounded portion of the earth’s surface. Within it, are natural resources that are vital for people to live.

Government

In order to maintain an organized state, there should be a . The is that body where people, through their representatives, can express their desire.

Sovereignty

It refers to the supreme power of the state to rule itself without interference

from other state. This means that the state is an independent entity where people

enjoy freedom. A territory is not a state if it is not independent.

Internal and external sovereignty

Two dimensions of sovereignty

Legislative, Executive and Judiciary

3 branches of government

Divine Theory

It holds that the state was created by God for the people. The State its advocates maintain was Created by God and governed by His deputy or vicegerent. He (God) sent His deputy to rule over them

Social Theory

The people have agreed to established the state to their common benefit. It postulates a state of nature as the original condition’s mankind and a social contract.

Force Theory

It was established through the use of force in order for people to

follow. Emphasizes the origin of the State in subornation of the weak to the stron

g

Non state institution

These are institutions which are not owned and controlled by the government.

Bank

is a financial institution which deals with deposits and advances and other related services.

BDO UNIBANK INC.

the largest of the banks in the Philippines in terms of assets

Metropolitan Bank & TCO

is one of the premier financial institutions in the country.

Land Bank of the Philippines

The government-owned is considered the largest formal credit institution in the rural areas

Corporation

a company or group of people authorized to act as single entity and recognized as such in law.

Cooperative

firm owned, controlled, and operated by a group of users for their own benefits.

Trade Union

is an organization made up of member (a member-based organization) and its membership must be made up mainly of workers. The main purpose is to protect and advance the interest of its members in the workplace.

Transnational Advocacy Group

The Advocacy Institute, a US based global organization, for example, is dedicated to strengthening the capacity of political, social and economic justice advocates to influence and change public policy.

Developmental Agencies

The most influential groups of non-state institutions. These are organizations which provide development assistance between national and international institutions.

United Nations(UN)

was established to rebuild peace after World War II.The war brought forth the birth on non-state institutions that link nations together.

UNESCO

a specialized agency of the UN for the purpose of promoting peace and security through international partnership in education, science, and culture to promote a world with justice, rule of law, human rights among others.

UNDP

is the United Nations’ development agency that aims to eradicate poverty and reduce inequalities and social exclusion in the developing countries. Its primary purpose is to help countries to craft and develop policies, leadership skills, networking and collaborative abilities, institutional capacity building,and building resilience among nations so that they can sustain development results.

UNICEF

It is an international organization that provides humanitarian and developmental assistance and support to young people in developing and least developed countries. Child protection and inclusion. Child survival. Education.

Non-governmental Organization

not-for-profit organization that is independent from states and international governmental organizations.

Formal Education

1. It is an institutional activity because the process is done in schools, colleges, and universities.

2. It follows hierarchical structure from primary to secondary to tertiary education leading to completion of certificates, diplomas, and/or degrees.

3. It follows a standardized, well-defined and organized curriculum that conforms to the needs of the society.

4. The teacher-student relationship is confined to the process of teaching including but not limited to supervision and instruction.

Non formal Education

1. It is a process of learning derived from an organized and systematic education activity working either separately or as a special feature of a formal education institution.

2. Its curriculum is flexible, diversified in content and method because it should conform to the needs of the identified group of learners.

Non-formal education

1. It is a process of learning derived from an organized and systematic education activity working either separately or as a special feature of a formal education institution.

2. Its curriculum is flexible, diversified in content and method because it should conform to the needs of the identified group of learners.

Non-formal Education

1. It is a lifelong process where learning comes naturally from the daily experience as a result of exposure in dealing with people.

2. It does not require a specific educational institution or set of curriculums

.

Social

Through education, the child should be provided with the required assistance to become a productive and well-adjusted member of the society, irrespective of the socioeconomic status.

Vocational

Education should prepare the child to earn though his livelihood so that he can lead a productive life in the society.

Intellectual

Development of intelligence through education will enable the child to lead an independent life with confidence.

Cultural

By undergoing education, child becomes cultured and civilized. Cultural development is through development of aesthetic sense and respect for others’ culture.

Moral

values like honesty, loyalty, tolerance, justice, self-control and sincerity promote the social and moral standards set by the society.

Good citizenship

Education enables the children to grow as productive citizens by following the social and moral standards set by the society.

UNESCO

According to the______“Education is a fundamental human right and essential for the exercise of all other human rights.” It is supported by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) under Article 26, which emphasized that everyone has the right to education.

Modular Distance Learning

Learning is in the form of individualized instruction

that allows learners to use self-learning modules (SLMs) in print or digital

format/electronic copy, whichever is applicable in the context of the learner and

other learning resources like Learner’s Materials, textbooks, activity sheets, study

guides and other study materials.

Online Distance Learning

It features the teacher facilitating learning and

engaging learners’ active participation using various technologies accessed

through the internet while they are geographically remote from each other during

instruction.

Homeschooling

. It is an alternative delivery mode (ADM) that aims to provide

learners with equal access to quality basic education through a home-based

environment to be facilitated by qualified parents, guardians or tutors who have

undergone relevant training.

Blended Learning

This refers to a learning modality that allows for a combination

of face to face and online distance learning (ODL), face-to-face and modular

distance learning (MDL), face-to-face and TV/Radio-based Instruction (RBI), and

face-to-face learning and a combination with two or more types of distance

learning.

This refers to a learning delivery modality

where the students and the teacher are both physically present in the classroom,

and there are opportunities for active engagement, immediate feedback, and socio

emotional development of learner

s.

Traditional Face to Face learning

Internal Sovereignty

It means the power of the State to order and regulate the activities of all the

people, groups and institutions which are at work within its territory. All these

institutions always act in accordance with the laws of the State. The State can punish

them for every violation of any of its laws.

External Sovereignty

It means complete independence of the State from external control. It also

means the full freedom of the State to participate in the activities of the community

of nations. Each state has the sovereign power to formulate and act on the basis of

its independent foreign policy.

Internal Sovereignty

power inside the country.

The government is the highest authority over its people and territory.

Example: Only the Philippine government can make laws for Filipinos — not any other group.

external sovereignty

independence outside the country.

The country is free from foreign control and can make its own decisions in international affairs.

Example: The Philippines can choose its own allies and trade partners without being controlled by another nation.

Child protection and inclusion

Every child has the right to grow up in a

safe and inclusive environment UNICEF works with partners around the

world to promote policies and expand access to services that protect all

children.

Child survival

Every child has the right and thrive. UNICEF has helped

reduce child mortality all over the world by working to reach the most

vulnerable children, everywhere

Education

Every child has the right to learn. UNICEF works around the

world to support quality learning for evert girl and boy especially those in

greatest danger of being left behind.

Legislative

which formulate the will of the state i.e. performs lawmaking

functions;

Executive

enforces and implements the laws i.e. performs the

lawapplication functions; and

Judiciary

which applies the laws to specific cases and settles the

disputes i.e. performs adjudication functions.

Makes the Law( Congress)

Legislative

Enforces the Law (President)

Executive

Interprets the law(supreme court)

Judiciary