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What are the scientific, historical, and philosophical foundations of psychology?
These foundations provide a framework for understanding psychological concepts and theories developed over time.
What did the 7th Century BCE discussions contribute to psychology?
They initiated conversations about psychological issues, highlighting the long-standing interest in understanding the human mind.
Who is considered the father of experimental psychology?
Wilhelm Wundt, who founded the first psychology research laboratory in 1879.
What is Cartesian Dualism?
The philosophy that divides the world into two substances: mind (immaterial) and body (matter), suggesting they interact but are fundamentally different.
What phrase sums up Descartes' view of existence?
Cogito ergo sum, meaning 'I think, therefore I am.'
What was Rene Descartes' contribution to psychology?
He proposed that the mind and body influence each other, marking beginnings of modern behaviorism.
How did Descartes describe mechanical functions of the body?
He likened them to the movements of a clock, governed by mechanical laws.
What did Julien Offray de La Mettrie argue about humans?
He posited that humans are just machines, rejecting the idea of a soul and emphasizing materialism.
What are the three main positions on the mind-body problem in psychology?
Dualism, Materialism, and Functionalism.
What experimental methods were pioneered by early psychologists?
Methods included psychophysics, mental chronometry, and the use of introspection.
What important findings resulted from the Clever Hans incident?
It was revealed that Hans was responding to unintentional cues, not demonstrating understanding.
What is a conditioned reflex according to Pavlov?
A learned response to a stimulus, differentiating between unconditioned (innate) and conditioned (learned) responses.
What did John B. Watson advocate for in psychology?
He promoted behaviorism, emphasizing objective study of behavior and rejecting introspective methods.
What is the significance of the Skinner Box?
It allowed for the study of operant conditioning and the active acquisition of learning through reinforcement.
How did B.F. Skinner view learning?
He viewed it as an active process, where individuals manipulate their environment rather than passively acquire knowledge.
What overarching theme is explored in the summary of the notes?
The connection between the brain and mind, tracing the evolution from Descartes to cognitive psychology.
