Exercise Science: Muscle Adaptation, Mechanisms, and Rehab Applications

A set of practice flashcards focused on the key concepts from the lecture notes about rehabilitation, exercise science domains, muscle adaptation, mechanisms, and evidence sources.

What is the main goal of applying exercise science principles in rehabilitation according to the notes?

To individualize exercise prescriptions for each patient to effectively impact their recovery and quality of life.

List the broad areas that exercise science covers as described in the notes.

Exercise in the cell, exercise in aging, exercise testing, pathophysiology, metabolism; these areas converge to form exercise science.

What are the two levels of adaptation discussed for strength training?

External whole-body adaptations (e.g., strength gains) and cellular adaptations within muscle fibers (e.g., changes in fiber size and composition).

What are the possible cellular changes in muscle fibers in response to training, as mentioned?

Increase in fiber number (hyperplasia), increase in fiber size (hypertrophy), or both.

Which sources are recommended for peer‑reviewed evidence and practical information in this class?

PubMed for peer‑reviewed research; SportDiscus for practical, hands‑on information.

Can muscle mass and strength be improved or maintained with aging according to the notes?

Yes, with training you can improve and maintain muscle mass and strength; studies suggest about 80% of maximal strength can be maintained up to age 80 with training, with detraining reducing this.

How do training modalities affect muscle fiber types as described in the notes?

Aerobic training tends to increase Type I (slow‑twitch) fibers; certain training can shift toward Type IIx fibers, reflecting adaptations toward faster, more powerful fibers.

Why is understanding the mechanism of change important in exercise programming?

To explain how adaptations occur and to design programs that target the intended outcome (e.g., speed may involve neural factors).

What cardiovascular change occurs with training and why?

Stroke volume increases because the heart muscle becomes stronger, improving efficiency and often lowering resting heart rate and blood pressure.

What is meant by 'remodeling the muscle structure and function' in the context of exercise adaptation?

The process by which muscle tissue changes its architecture and performance in response to training.

What group-work arrangement did the instructor propose for discussion?

Groups of five or six students (with a note that eight might be used).