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Two factors that decide the success of any structural system are
weight and tensile strength
Stacking and piling is another term for
load-bearing construction
The Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian styles are known as the
Greek orders
The ability of a material to span horizontal distances with a minimum of support is called
tensile strength
Built almost 2000 years ago, the ________ is an enduring testament to the Roman use of the arch
Pont du Gard at N"mes
Built for the World's Fair in 1889, the ________ was an early experiment in iron construction.
Eiffel Tower
________ is most famous for his design of the geodesic dome.
R. Buckminster Fuller
The International style emphasizes
All correct; clean lines, geometric form, and avoidance of superficial decoration
The following is NOT true about art museum architecture.
John Russell Pope's National Gallery was initially praised for its innovative style.
Fallingwater (the Kaufmann House in Bear Run, Pennsylvania) is a prime example of the "organic" architecture of
Frank Lloyd Wright.
A ________ is a horizontal form supported at only one end.
cantilever
________ rotated 360 degrees on its axis is called a dome.
An arch
When a large hall is built using post-and-lintel construction methods, the resulting "virtual forest of columns" is called a
hypostyle hall
The two basic families of structural systems in architecture are
the shell and the skeleton-and-skin
According to the author, a ________ is actually an arch extended in depth, as if there are "many arches placed flush one behind the other."
barrel vault
Builders of Gothic cathedrals reinforced the walls of their architecture from the outside with
both piers and flying buttresses
A flying buttress is an arched exterior support system found on
a Gothic cathedral
The Taj Mahal was built by the 17th-century Moslem emperor for what purpose?
As a tomb for his wife
The round opening in the dome of the Pantheon is called a(n)
oculus
The skeleton-and-skin structure, the Crystal Palace, was designed by ____________ in 1851.
Joseph Paxton
The chances that a work of art from ancient times will be found or preserved are greatly increased if
All correct; it was made of durable materials. the local climate is conducive to preservation. the culture from which it came was stable and organized. it was located where access from the outside world was limited.
Because they lacked stone, the ancient Sumerians built their cities from
sun-dried brick
To compensate for the natural visual distortion in which tall columns appear to bend inward, the Greeks gave them a slight bulge, which is known as
entasis
The bronze head of an Akkadian ruler is a rare example of ________ in ancient art.
naturalism
The most notable example of Neolithic architecture in Europe is
Stonehenge in England
In Egyptian art, the convention of representing social importance by size--for example, where the pharaoh is shown much larger than his subjects--is known as
hierarchical scale
Under the reign of ________, a new, more naturalistic style of Egyptian art developed.
Amenhotep IV
The sculpture Akhenaten and His Family is an example of the ________ technique.
sunken relief
King Tutankhamun's tomb was discovered in 1922 by
Howard Carter
A true arch was developed by ________ architects long before the Romans came up with the idea.
Neo-Babylonia
Three major cultures that preceded the Greeks in and around the Aegean Sea were the ________ cultures.
Cycladic, Minoan, and Mycenaean
Although bronze was the favored material for freestanding sculpture in Greece, most bronze statues have not survived, because
they were melted down to make weapons and other objects.
Romans could watch gladiators fight to the death, along with other sporting events, at the
Colosseum
A prime example of art from the Hellenistic era is
the Laocoön Group
According to historians, the Roman era began in 510 B.C.E. with
the founding of the Roman Republic
Although we know almost nothing about the culture that created them, the abstract ________ of the Cycladic culture appear extremely sophisticated for five-thousand-year-old works.
female nude figures
What destroyed the Roman colonies of Pompeii and Herculaneum in 79 C.E.?
the eruption of a volcano
The mummy of Artemidoros, from Fayum, shows the influence of the ________ culture(s).
Egyptian, Greek, and Roman
The portrait bust of __________ is presented in a naturalistic and elegant style that is timeless.
Nefertiti
The Great Sphinx at Giza, in Egypt, has the body of a lion and the head of a(n)
pharoah
The walled, upward extension of the nave that is pierced with windows is called the
clerestory
Because Christianity emphasized congregational worship, a fundamental change in the ________ was needed.
architectural design of places of worship
The cross-shaped floor plan of a church is formed by the combined shapes of the nave and the
transept
The major axis of a central-plan church, such as the church of San Vitale in Ravenna, is
vertical
Unlike their Greek and Roman predecessors, Byzantine artists preferred
a flattened, abstracted style of art
Architects of Romanesque churches began installing ________ around the apse, which allowed the overflow of pilgrims to circulate freely around the interior of the church.
ambulatories
________ is a pattern or patterns formed by intricately interwoven ribbons or bands.
Interlace
All the following are features of Romanesque architecture EXCEPT
large windows of stained glass
Gothic cathedrals are known especially for
their stained glass windows.
The technique in which colored yarns are sewn to an existing woven background is called
embroidery
The ________ is the walkway directly in front of a church that serves as the entry porch.
narthex
Duccio and Giotto were two artists whose innovations in ________ greatly influenced Renaissance painting styles.
creating figures and settings with an increased naturalism
The Palace Chapel at Aachen was built for ________ as his personal place of worship.
Charlemagne
What purpose is served by the carved figures that adorn the entryways at Chartres Cathedral?
They serve as reminders that one is entering a sacred space
Soaring open spaces, pointed arches, ribbed vaulting, flying buttresses, and stained glass windows are characteristic of
Gothic cathedrals
In his painting ________, the artist Duccio pioneered the use of architecture to define space and direct movement.
Christ Entering Jerusalem
The ________ technique was used to complete the Empress Theodora and Retinue in 547 C.E.
mosaic
The term pantokrater, used in the title of the mosaic Christ as the Pantokater, is Greek for
ruler of all
The gold-hammered vessel set with gems that contained the remains of Saint Foy is called a
reliquary
Who were the Limbourgs?
artist brothers
In Neo-Platonic thought, the Biblical character of Eve was identified with
Venus
One of the effects of the Renaissance was to change the status of artists in Europe from
skilled crafts workers to intellectuals
The word renaissance means
"rebirth"
The technology of painting with oils was developed
by northern Europeans.
The Renaissance artists from Venice, such as Giovanni Bellini, Titian, and Giorgione, were especially known for their mastery of
color and light
The technique of sfumato involves the use of
multiple layers of glazes
The theme of the Sistine Chapel ceiling frescoes comes from
None of these answers are correct
________ organization, as seen in Masaccio's Trinity with the Virgin, St. John the Evangelist, and Donors, was a popular device among Renaissance artists of Italy.
Triangular
Leonardo da Vinci was a skilled
All correct; engineer inventor painter architec
Giorgione's painting The Tempest paved the way for future
landscape paintings
Michelangelo, Raphael, and Botticelli were all commissioned to make art for
the Medici family
One of Michelangelo's major achievements was
redesigning St. Peter's Cathedral
Northern European Renaissance artists began using the system of linear perspective
about 75 years after it was first developed
Artists working in the Early Renaissance period included
Botticelli, Donatello, and Ghiberti
Which 15th-century invention led to the decrease in the practice of illumination by hand?
the printing press
The Isenheim Altarpiece, with its gruesome details of Christ's flesh wounds, originally hung in
a hospital for patients with skin disease
The movement that divided all of Europe into Protestant and Catholic camps is called
the Reformation
The painting, The Harvesters, which formed part of a cycle depicting the months of the year, was painted by __________, a 16th-century Netherland painter.
Pieter Brugel the Elder
The sculptor of the panel The Story of Jacob and Esau, and Donatello's teacher, is
Lorenzo Ghiberti
The iconography of The Tempest, by ___________, is unknown, but the painting made an important contribution to Renaissance art in the way it was composed.
Giorgione
Because many European monarchs of the 17th and 18th centuries ruled with near-dictatorial power, this period is often referred to as
the Age of Kings
Gianlorenzo Bernini was
All correct; a sculptor an architect a dramatist a composer
Paintings depicting scenes of everyday life are known as ________ paintings.
genre
What nationality was Peter Paul Rubens?
Flemish
In Baroque architecture, wall surfaces often protrude into the viewer's space. In Baroque painting, this same effect is created through the use of
dramatic lighting
The Baroque painting Judith and Maidservant with the Head of Holofernes depicts a story from
the Bible
The following characteristics are all typical of Italian Baroque art EXCEPT
classic simplicity
The following is true about Rembrandt EXCEPT
he achieved and maintained financial success throughout his life
The Palace of Versailles was home to
Louis XIV of France
________ helped shape the Neoclassical style.
The excavations of ancient Pompeii and Herculaneum
Unlike Baroque art from Catholic countries, Dutch Baroque art focused upon
All correct; the community, business life, and the family and home
St.Teresa in Ecstasy is an excellent example of
Baroque sculpture
Among the following artists, whose innovation was it to create group portraits in the setting of an activity, rather than posing the subjects formally?
Rembrandt
Which of the following was court painter to King Philip IV?
Diego Velázquez
Which artists intentionally used their work to shape the public's view of prominent figures?
Vigée-Lebrun and David
For some two hundred years, many of the works of Judith Leyster were
mistakenly identified as the work of Frans Hals
Typical of Dutch landscape paintingwas the work of
Jacob van Ruisdael
One of the most influential buildings of the architect Francisco Borromini was
San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane
Foremost among French painters of the 17th century was ___________ who painted _________.
Nicolas Poussin; The Ashes of Phokion
A good example of a Surrealist poetic object is
Object (Luncheon in Fur) by Meret Oppenheim
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