Art Appreciation Final

Art Appreciation 1113 final exam units 7-11

Two factors that decide the success of any structural system are

weight and tensile strength

Stacking and piling is another term for

load-bearing construction

The Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian styles are known as the

Greek orders

The ability of a material to span horizontal distances with a minimum of support is called

tensile strength

Built almost 2000 years ago, the __ is an enduring testament to the Roman use of the arch

Pont du Gard at N"mes

Built for the World's Fair in 1889, the __ was an early experiment in iron construction.

Eiffel Tower

__ is most famous for his design of the geodesic dome.

R. Buckminster Fuller

The International style emphasizes

All correct;
clean lines, geometric form, and avoidance of superficial decoration

The following is NOT true about art museum architecture.

John Russell Pope's National Gallery was initially praised for its innovative style.

Fallingwater (the Kaufmann House in Bear Run, Pennsylvania) is a prime example of the "organic" architecture of

Frank Lloyd Wright.

A __ is a horizontal form supported at only one end.

cantilever

__ rotated 360 degrees on its axis is called a dome.

An arch

When a large hall is built using post-and-lintel construction methods, the resulting "virtual forest of columns" is called a

hypostyle hall

The two basic families of structural systems in architecture are

the shell and the skeleton-and-skin

According to the author, a __ is actually an arch extended in depth, as if there are "many arches placed flush one behind the other."

barrel vault

Builders of Gothic cathedrals reinforced the walls of their architecture from the outside with

both piers and flying buttresses

A flying buttress is an arched exterior support system found on

a Gothic cathedral

The Taj Mahal was built by the 17th-century Moslem emperor for what purpose?

As a tomb for his wife

The round opening in the dome of the Pantheon is called a(n)

oculus

The skeleton-and-skin structure, the Crystal Palace, was designed by ____ in 1851.

Joseph Paxton

The chances that a work of art from ancient times will be found or preserved are greatly increased if

All correct;
it was made of durable materials.
the local climate is conducive to preservation.
the culture from which it came was stable and organized.
it was located where access from the outside world was limited.

Because they lacked stone, the ancient Sumerians built their cities from

sun-dried brick

To compensate for the natural visual distortion in which tall columns appear to bend inward, the Greeks gave them a slight bulge, which is known as

entasis

The bronze head of an Akkadian ruler is a rare example of __ in ancient art.

naturalism

The most notable example of Neolithic architecture in Europe is

Stonehenge in England

In Egyptian art, the convention of representing social importance by size--for example, where the pharaoh is shown much larger than his subjects--is known as

hierarchical scale

Under the reign of __, a new, more naturalistic style of Egyptian art developed.

Amenhotep IV

The sculpture Akhenaten and His Family is an example of the __ technique.

sunken relief

King Tutankhamun's tomb was discovered in 1922 by

Howard Carter

A true arch was developed by __ architects long before the Romans came up with the idea.

Neo-Babylonia

Three major cultures that preceded the Greeks in and around the Aegean Sea were the __ cultures.

Cycladic, Minoan, and Mycenaean

Although bronze was the favored material for freestanding sculpture in Greece, most bronze statues have not survived, because

they were melted down to make weapons and other objects.

Romans could watch gladiators fight to the death, along with other sporting events, at the

Colosseum

A prime example of art from the Hellenistic era is

the Laocoön Group

According to historians, the Roman era began in 510 B.C.E. with

the founding of the Roman Republic

Although we know almost nothing about the culture that created them, the abstract __ of the Cycladic culture appear extremely sophisticated for five-thousand-year-old works.

female nude figures

What destroyed the Roman colonies of Pompeii and Herculaneum in 79 C.E.?

the eruption of a volcano

The mummy of Artemidoros, from Fayum, shows the influence of the __ culture(s).

Egyptian, Greek, and Roman

The portrait bust of __ is presented in a naturalistic and elegant style that is timeless.

Nefertiti

The Great Sphinx at Giza, in Egypt, has the body of a lion and the head of a(n)

pharoah

The walled, upward extension of the nave that is pierced with windows is called the

clerestory

Because Christianity emphasized congregational worship, a fundamental change in the __ was needed.

architectural design of places of worship

The cross-shaped floor plan of a church is formed by the combined shapes of the nave and the

transept

The major axis of a central-plan church, such as the church of San Vitale in Ravenna, is

vertical

Unlike their Greek and Roman predecessors, Byzantine artists preferred

a flattened, abstracted style of art

Architects of Romanesque churches began installing __ around the apse, which allowed the overflow of pilgrims to circulate freely around the interior of the church.

ambulatories

__ is a pattern or patterns formed by intricately interwoven ribbons or bands.

Interlace

All the following are features of Romanesque architecture EXCEPT

large windows of stained glass

Gothic cathedrals are known especially for

their stained glass windows.

The technique in which colored yarns are sewn to an existing woven background is called

embroidery

The __ is the walkway directly in front of a church that serves as the entry porch.

narthex

Duccio and Giotto were two artists whose innovations in __ greatly influenced Renaissance painting styles.

creating figures and settings with an increased naturalism

The Palace Chapel at Aachen was built for __ as his personal place of worship.

Charlemagne

What purpose is served by the carved figures that adorn the entryways at Chartres Cathedral?

They serve as reminders that one is entering a sacred space

Soaring open spaces, pointed arches, ribbed vaulting, flying buttresses, and stained glass windows are characteristic of

Gothic cathedrals

In his painting __, the artist Duccio pioneered the use of architecture to define space and direct movement.

Christ Entering Jerusalem

The __ technique was used to complete the Empress Theodora and Retinue in 547 C.E.

mosaic

The term pantokrater, used in the title of the mosaic Christ as the Pantokater, is Greek for

ruler of all

The gold-hammered vessel set with gems that contained the remains of Saint Foy is called a

reliquary

Who were the Limbourgs?

artist brothers

In Neo-Platonic thought, the Biblical character of Eve was identified with

Venus

One of the effects of the Renaissance was to change the status of artists in Europe from

skilled crafts workers to intellectuals

The word renaissance means

"rebirth"

The technology of painting with oils was developed

by northern Europeans.

The Renaissance artists from Venice, such as Giovanni Bellini, Titian, and Giorgione, were especially known for their mastery of

color and light

The technique of sfumato involves the use of

multiple layers of glazes

The theme of the Sistine Chapel ceiling frescoes comes from

None of these answers are correct

__ organization, as seen in Masaccio's Trinity with the Virgin, St. John the Evangelist, and Donors, was a popular device among Renaissance artists of Italy.

Triangular

Leonardo da Vinci was a skilled

All correct;
engineer
inventor
painter
architec

Giorgione's painting The Tempest paved the way for future

landscape paintings

Michelangelo, Raphael, and Botticelli were all commissioned to make art for

the Medici family

One of Michelangelo's major achievements was

redesigning St. Peter's Cathedral

Northern European Renaissance artists began using the system of linear perspective

about 75 years after it was first developed

Artists working in the Early Renaissance period included

Botticelli, Donatello, and Ghiberti

Which 15th-century invention led to the decrease in the practice of illumination by hand?

the printing press

The Isenheim Altarpiece, with its gruesome details of Christ's flesh wounds, originally hung in

a hospital for patients with skin disease

The movement that divided all of Europe into Protestant and Catholic camps is called

the Reformation

The painting, The Harvesters, which formed part of a cycle depicting the months of the year, was painted by __, a 16th-century Netherland painter.

Pieter Brugel the Elder

The sculptor of the panel The Story of Jacob and Esau, and Donatello's teacher, is

Lorenzo Ghiberti

The iconography of The Tempest, by ___, is unknown, but the painting made an important contribution to Renaissance art in the way it was composed.

Giorgione

Because many European monarchs of the 17th and 18th centuries ruled with near-dictatorial power, this period is often referred to as

the Age of Kings

Gianlorenzo Bernini was

All correct;
a sculptor
an architect
a dramatist
a composer

Paintings depicting scenes of everyday life are known as __ paintings.

genre

What nationality was Peter Paul Rubens?

Flemish

In Baroque architecture, wall surfaces often protrude into the viewer's space. In Baroque painting, this same effect is created through the use of

dramatic lighting

The Baroque painting Judith and Maidservant with the Head of Holofernes depicts a story from

the Bible

The following characteristics are all typical of Italian Baroque art EXCEPT

classic simplicity

The following is true about Rembrandt EXCEPT

he achieved and maintained financial success throughout his life

The Palace of Versailles was home to

Louis XIV of France

__ helped shape the Neoclassical style.

The excavations of ancient Pompeii and Herculaneum

Unlike Baroque art from Catholic countries, Dutch Baroque art focused upon

All correct;
the community, business life, and the family and home

St.Teresa in Ecstasy is an excellent example of

Baroque sculpture

Among the following artists, whose innovation was it to create group portraits in the setting of an activity, rather than posing the subjects formally?

Rembrandt

Which of the following was court painter to King Philip IV?

Diego Velázquez

Which artists intentionally used their work to shape the public's view of prominent figures?

Vigée-Lebrun and David

For some two hundred years, many of the works of Judith Leyster were

mistakenly identified as the work of Frans Hals

Typical of Dutch landscape paintingwas the work of

Jacob van Ruisdael

One of the most influential buildings of the architect Francisco Borromini was

San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane

Foremost among French painters of the 17th century was ___ who painted _.

Nicolas Poussin; The Ashes of Phokion

A good example of a Surrealist poetic object is

Object (Luncheon in Fur) by Meret Oppenheim