Cardiovascular System Medications (CPhT)

What are the indications for ACE inhibitors?

• hypertension

• congestive heart failure

• post-myocardial infraction (heart attack)

What are the adverse drug reactions for ACE inhibitors?

• dry cough

• angioedema

• hypotension

What are some commonly used ACE inhibitor drugs?

-pril suffix medications, including

• Lisinopril (Prinivil)

• Benazepril (Lotensin)

• Captopril (Capoten)

• Enalapril (Vasotec)

• Quinapril (Accupril)

• Ramipril (Altace)

What are indications of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)?

• hypertension

• congestive heart failure

• post-myocardial infraction (heart attack)

What are the adverse drug reactions with ARBs?

• dry cough (not as bad as ACE)

• angioedema

• fatigue

What are some commonly used ARBs?

-sartan suffix, including

• Cabdesartan (Atacand)

• Losartan (Cozaar)

• Olmesartan (Benicar)

• Telmisartan (Miscardis)

• Valsartan (Diovan)

What are the indications for antiarrhythmic agents?

abnormal heart rhythm due to atrial and ventricular fibrillation

What are the adverse drug reactions with antiarrhythmic agents?

• QT prolongation

• dizziness

• drowsiness

What are some commonly used antiarrhythmic agents?

• amiodarone (Cordarone)

• Flecainide (Tambacor)

• Lidocaine (Xylocaine)

• Quinidine (Quinalan)

• Propafenone (Rythmol)

What are the indications for anticoagulants?

• prevent the formation of blood clots

• reduce the risk of recurrent stroke

What are the adverse drug reactions with anticoagulants?

• bleeding

• bruising

• fatigue

What are some commonly used anticoagulants?

• apixaban (Eliquis)

• Dabigatran (Pradaxa)

• Heparin

• Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)

• Warfarin (Jantoven, Coumadin (discontinued in 2020))

What is the antidote to reverse the PK of warfarin?

vitamin k

What are the indications for antiplatelet agents?

• prevents platelets from sticking together

• reduces the risk of myocardial infraction, stroke, or angina

What are the adverse drug reactions with antiplatelet agents?

• bleeding

• bruising

• stomach irritation

What are come commonly used antiplatelet agent medications?

• Asprin

• Clopidogrel (Plavix)

• Prasugrel (Effient)

• Ticagrelor (Brilinta)

What are the indications for beta-blockers?

• hypertension

• angina (chest pain)

• myocardial infraction

• arrhythmias

What are the adverse drugs reactions with beta blockers?

• fatigue

• bradycardia

• bronchoconstriction

• depression

What are come commonly used beta blockers?

-o/lol suffix

• Atenolol (Tenormin)

• Bisoprolol (Zebeta)

• Metoprolol succinate extended release (Toprol XL)

• Metoprolol tartrate (Lopressor)

• Carvedilol (Coreg)

• Propranolol (Inderal)

What are the indications for calcium channel blockers (CCBs)?

• hypertension

• angina

• arrhythmias

What are the adverse drug reactions with CCBs?

• peripheral edema

• palpitations

• drowsiness

• headache

What are some common CCB medications?

• Amlodipine (Norvasc)

• Felodipine (Plendil)

• Nifedipine (Procardia)

• Diltiazem (Dilacor XR)

• Verapamil (Calan)

What are indications for cardiac glycosides?

• congestive heart failure

• arrythmias

What are the adverse drug reactions of cardiac glycosides?

• diarrhea

• headache

• dizziness

• vision changes

What are com commonly used cardiac glycosides?

• digoxin (Lanoxin)

What are the indications for cholesterol lowering drugs?

• hypercholesterolemia

• hypertriglyceridemia

• reduce risk of recurrent myocardial infraction or stroke

• reduce recurrent angina

What are the adverse drug reactions of cholesterol-lowering drugs?

• muscle pain/numbness

• upset stomach

• headache

• dizziness

What are some common cholesterol-lowering medications?

• bile acid sequestrants

  • cholestyramine

  • colesvelam

  • colestipol

• Fibric acids

  • fenofibrate

  • gemfibrozil

• HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (-statin)

  • atorvastatin

  • lovastatin

• Omega-3 fatty acids

  • Icosapent ethyl

  • Omega-3 acid ethyl esters

• Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 inhibitors

  • Alirocumab

  • Evolocumab

• Others:

  • Bempedoic acid

  • Ezetimibe

  • Niacin

What are the indications for diuretics?

• increased urine production

What are the adverse drug reactions of diuretics?

• orthostatic hypotension

• hypokalemia

What are some commonly used diuretics?

• Bumetanide (Bumex)

• Furosemide (Lasix)

• Hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril)

• Spironolactone (Aldactone)

• Triamterene-hydrochlorothiazide (dyazide)

What are the the indications for vasodilators?

• angina

• hypertension

• congestive heart failure

What are the adverse drug reactions for vasodilators?

• orthostatic hypotension

• bradycardia

• flushing

What are some commonly used vasodilators?

• Isosorbide dinitrate (Dinitrate SR)

• isosorbide mononitrate (Imdur)

• hydralazine (Apresoline)

• Nitroprusside (Nitropress)

• Nitroglycerin (Nitrostar)