General Science Review

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering biology, chemistry, ecosystem, and energy concepts from the provided exam notes.

Photosynthesis

The biological process in which plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to synthesize oxygen and sugars to make food.

Salinity

The concentration of dissolved salts in water, calculated as salt mass divided by water volume (e.g., $(40\,g - 20\,g) / 100\,mL = 0.2\,g/mL$).

Wind Dispersal Adaptation

Structural adaptation in seeds that allows them to be carried through the air by wind to disperse away from the parent plant.

Water Dispersal Adaptation

Structural adaptation in seeds that allows them to float in water to travel and disperse to new locations.

Transpiration

The loss of water vapor from plants through their leaves and stems.

Importance of Transpiration

Functions in drawing water and essential minerals upward through the plant body to enable photosynthesis and regulate plant temperature.

Light Intensity (Transpiration Factor)

An environmental factor where increased sunlight intensity stimulates stomata to open wider, thereby increasing the rate of transpiration.

Food Web

A complex system of interconnected food relationships showing energy transfer among producers and consumers within an ecosystem.

Producer

An autotrophic organism in a food web, such as grasses, carrots, or grains, that produces its own organic food compounds.

Coral Reef Ecosystem

A marine ecosystem rich in biodiversity and natural resources that requires conservation to protect its species and habitat.

Potassium ($K$) Atomic Structure

An element with an atomic mass number of $39$, a proton number of $19$, and a calculated neutron number of $20$ ($39 - 19 = 20$).

Iron(II) Sulfate ($FeSO_4$)

A chemical compound composed of three distinct elements: Iron ($Fe$), Sulphur ($S$), and Oxygen ($O$).

Changes of State

Physical transformations of matter between states, including Melting (solid to liquid), Evaporation (liquid to gas), and Freezing (liquid to solid).

Plastic Pollution

An environmental problem resulting from widespread plastic waste, which can be mitigated by minimizing plastic usage.

Renewable Energy Sources

Energy resources that naturally replenish over time, including solar, geothermal, and hydropower.