Academy Recap

4 Relevant Factors in Determining if force was reasonable

Severity of the crime, Immediate threat to safety, Resisting, attempting to flee

Graham V. Conner

Use of force must be objectively reasonable in light of the facts and circumstances confronting the officer, at the time. Not hindsight.

Tennessee V. Garner

Can only use force when you have a reasonable fear of serious physical injury or death to yourself or others.

Doe V. Calumet City

People have a right to privacy. Moving undergarment clothing is counted as a strip search.

Post Shooting Priorities

T.W.S.I.C.M Threat Down, Weapon up, Security, Immediate Action Plan, Communicate, Medical

Parens Patriae

The state acts as parent

Status Offense

An act that is only considered a crime because of age

4 Primary Firearm Safety Rules

Treat all firearms as if they are loaded, never point a firearm at anything you don’t want to destroy, keep finger off the trigger, Be aware of your backstop and beyond.

Due Regard

To give a fair consideration to and give sufficient attention to all the facts

Temporary Protection Order (TPO)

Involves a family or household member that is charged and can remove them from a shared home

Criminal Protection Order (CRPO)

Involves a non-family or non-household member

Civil Protection Order (CPO)

Broad in scope and can include child support or custody and can occur before charges are filled.

Dating Violence Civil Protection Order (DTCPO)

Only applies to adults

Stalking and Sexually Oriented Offenses Protection Order (SSOOPO)

Protects victim from non-family/non-household members

Required to be given to the officer on a traffic stop

Name, Address, and Date of Birth

When giving a citation you must:

Inform them that if they do not pay it, their license can be suspended.

Factors that constitute a search

Invades reasonable expectation of privacy while trying to obtain information

Motor Vehicle Exception

No warrant required if you think there is probable cause there is evidence in there

Hot pursuit

A chase that starts in public and goes to private is allowed without a warrant

Search Incident to Arrest

Lunge area of arrestee or adjacent room

Plain View

Seeing evidence out in the open when you are lawfully in a position to see it

Consent-Warrant exception

Person has to be present and person can tell you to stop

Exigent Circumstances

Emergency Situation where there is a possibility of serious physical harm or death to another

Purposely

Having Specific intent

Knowingly

Being aware of probable outcome

Recklessly

Headless Indifference

Negligently

Lack of Due Care

4 Components of a Crime

Offense, Culpable mental state (mens rea) , concurrence (same time), Causation

4 Elements to determine primary aggressor in DV

Comparative severity of injuries, History, Whether alleged violence was self defence, reasonable fear of threat of physical violence

4 Keys to communicating with suspects

Ask, Advise, Order, Detain

High Explosives

Explodes over the speed of sound >3300 Feet per second

Low Explosives

Explodes under the speed of sound <3300 Feet per second

Absorption rate through stomach walls

20%

Absorption rate through small intestine

80%

Valve at the bottom of the stomach

pylorus

Which organ is responsible for chemically breaking down alcohol

Liver

Enzyme that breaks down alcohol

Dehydrogenase

BAC drop rate

0.015 per hour

BAC is measured in what unit

Grams

Nystagmus

Involuntary jerking of the eyes

What Drugs Case HGN

Depressants, Inhalants, and Dissociative Anesthetics (DID)

Nystagmus Indicators (clues)

Lack of smooth pursuit, Distinct and Sustained, Onset prior to 45 degrees

Walk and turn Clues

Cannot keep balance while listening to instructions, Starts too soon, stops while walking, does not touch heel-to-toe, steps off the line, uses arms to balance, improper turn, incorrect number of steps

One leg stand Clues

Sways while balancing, using arms to balance, hopping, puts foot down

HGN pre-test

Pupil Size, Resting nystagmus, Equal tracking

Operate

to cause or have caused movement

Physical Control

Being in the drivers position and having possession of the vehicles ignition key or device

BAC level for Commercial OVI

0.04

BAC level for basic OVI offense

0.08

BAC level for HIGH OVI offense

0.17

BAC level for Underage OVI offense

0.02

State v. Homan

Supreme Court of Ohio determined that SFST’s must be administered in strict compliance. (reversed to nearly perfect later)

What drugs cause restriction of the pupil

Narcotics analgesics

What drugs cause dilation in the pupil

CNS Stimulants, Hallucinogens, Cannabis

CNS Depressant Effects

Drunken behavior and appearance, uncoordinated, drowsy, sluggish, disoriented, slurred speech

CNS Stimulant Effects

Hyperactive, Nervousness, Talkative, Excited, Anxiety, Grinding of Teeth, Body Tremors

Hallucinogens Effects

Dazed appearance, body tremors, uncoordinated, perspiring, distorted, paranoia, difficulty in speech, nausea

Dissociative Anesthetics Effects

Warm to the touch, perspiring, blank stare, repetitive speech, incomplete verbal responses, confused, muscle rigidity

Narcotic Analgesics Effects

On the nod, droopy eyelids, depressed reflexes, dry mouth, facial itching, low, raspy speech, fresh puncture marks

Inhalant Effects

Nausea, Confusion, disoriented, slow thick slurred speech

Cannabis Effects

Bloodshot eyes, body tremors, disoriented, relaxed inhibitions, difficulty dividing attention

Basic Speed Law

No person shall drive a vehicle at a speed greater than is reasonable and prudent under the conditions

Absolute Speed Law

Specifies a numerical value that is the speed unit

Prima Facie Speed Law

Numerical Limit above which drivers are presumed to be driving unlawfully

Doppler Principle

The frequency of a wave is relative to the motion between the source and the observer

Honeycutt v. Commonwealth

Can estimate speed and not need to know inner workings of speed measuring devices

AMBER Alert

For confirmed abductions of children under 18 with a credible threat to child and a description of the child and or suspect.

Endangered missing child alert

Any type of missing child

Ohio Sunshine Law

Redactions of public records for victims identities

Explicit Bias

Conscious preference for a social category

Implicit Bias

Preference for a social category based on stereotypes or attitudes that we hold and tend to develop early in life and that operate outside of our awareness.

System 1 thinking

Automatic

System 2 thinking

Deliberate

Identify the two-pronged approach to procedural justice

person-based and community based

Attempt 2923.02

A crime to purposely or knowingly engage in conduct that if successful would result in the offense

Aggravated Murder 2903.01 (A)

Purposely cause the death of another or the unlawful termination of another’s pregnancy with prior calculation and design

Aggravated Murder 2903.01 (B)

Purposely cause the death of another or the unlawful termination of another’s pregnancy while commiting, attempting to commit, or fleeing immediately after committing or attempting to commit one of the following violent felonies. Burglary, Arson, Rape, Robbery, Kidnapping, Escape, Trespass in a habitation, or terrorism

Aggravated Murder 2903.01 (C)

Purposely cause the death of another who is under 13 years old at the time of the commission of offense.

Aggravated Murder 2903.01 (D)

No person who is under detention as a result of a felony conviction or who breaks that detention shall purposely cause the death of another.

Aggravated Murder 2903.01 (E)

Purposely cause the death of a LE officer whom the offender knows or has a reasonable cause to know is a LE officer

Murder 2903.02 (A)

Purposely cause the death of another or the unlawful termination of another’s pregnancy

Murder 2903.02 (B)

No person shall cause the death of another as a proximate result of committing or attempting to commit an F1 or F2 offense of violence that is not voluntary or involuntary manslaughter

Voluntary Manslaughter 2903.03 (A)

Knowingly cause the death of another or the unlawful termination of another’s pregnancy when under the influence of sudden passion or in sudden fit of rage brought on by the serious provocation of the victim reasonably sufficient to incite use of deadly force.

Voluntary Manslaughter 2903.03 (B)

Knowingly cause the death of another or the unlawful termination of another’s pregnancy when under the influence of sudden passion or in sudden fit of rage brought on by the serious provocation of the victim reasonably sufficient to incite use of deadly force and is done with sexual motivation.

Involuntary Manslaughter 2903.04 (A)

No person shall cause the death of another or the unlawful termination of another’s pregnancy as a proximate result of committing or attempting to commit a felony.

Involuntary Manslaughter 2903.04 (B)

No person shall cause the death of another or the unlawful termination of another’s pregnancy as a proximate result of committing or attempting to commit a misdemeanor, regulatory offense, or minor misdemeanor that is not traffic-related.

Reckless Homicide 2903.041 (A)

Recklessly cause the death of another or the unlawful termination of another’s pregnancy.

Negligent Homicide 2903.05 (A)

Negligently cause the death of another or the unlawful termination of another’s pregnancy by means of a deadly weapon or dangerous ordanance.

Aggravated Vehicular Homicide 2903.06 (A) (1)

Cause the death of another or the unlawful termination of another’s pregnancy as the proximate result of committing a violation of 4511.19 (A) OVI

Aggravated Vehicular Homicide 2903.06 (A) (2)

Recklessly or while as the proximate result of committing, while operating or participating in the operation of a motor vehicle or motorcycle in a construction zone, a reckless operation offense cause the death of another or the unlawful termination of another’s pregnency when the person whose death is caused, or whose pregnancy is unlwafully terminated is in the constuction zone at the time of the offender’s commission of the reckless operation offense in the construction zone.

Vehicular Homicide 2903.06 (A) (3)

No person shall negligently while operating a motor vehicle as the proximate result of commiting while operating or participating in the operation of a motor vehicle or motorcycle in a construction zone, a speeding offense cause the death of another or the unlawful termination of another’s pregnancy when the person whose death is caused or whose pregnancy is unlawfully terminated is in the construction zone at the time of the offender’s commision of the speeding offense in the construction zone.

Vehicular Homicide 2903.06 (A) (4)

No person while operating a motor vehicle can cause the death of another or the unlawful termination of another’s pregnancy as the proximate result of committing a violation of any provision of any minor misdemeanor.

Aggravated Vehicular Assault 2903.08 (A) (1)

No person while operating a motor vehicle shall cause serious physical harm to another or another’s unborn as the proximate result of commiting OVI.

Vehicular Assault 2903.08 (A) (2) (a)

No person while operating a motor vehicle shall as the proximate result of commiting, while operating or participating in the operation of a motor vehicle in a construction zone, a reckless operation offense and cause serious physical harm to another person or another’s unborn when the person to whom serious injury is caused or whose unborn the serious physical harm is caused is in the in the construction zone at the time of the offender’s commision of the reckless operation offense in the construction zone.

Vehicular Assault 2903.08 (A) (2) (b)

No person while operating a motor vehicle shall recklessly cause serious physical harm to another person or another’s unborn.

Vehicular Assault 2903.08 (A) (3)

No person while operating a motor vehicle shall as the proximate result of committing while operating or participating in the operation of a motor vehicle or motorcycle in a construction zone, a speeding offense cause serious physical harm to another person or another’s unborn when the person to whom serious injury is caused or whose unborn child the serious physical harm is cause is in the construction zone at the time of the offender’s commision of the speeding offense in the construction zone.

Felonious Assault 2903.11 (A)

No person shall knowingly cause serious physical harm to another or another’s unborn or cause or attempt to cause physical harm to another or another’s unborn by means of a deadly weapon or dangerous ordnance.

Felonious Assault 2903.11 (B) (1-3)

No person with knowledge that they have tested positive as a carrier of a virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome shall knowingly engage in sexual conduct with another person without disclosing that knowledge prior to engaging in sexual conduct or engage in sexual conduct with a person whom the offender knows or has reasonable cause to believe lacks the mental capacity to appreciate the significance of the knowledge that the offender has tested positive as a carrier of a virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or engage in sexual conduct with a person under 18 who is not the spouse of the offender.

Aggravated Assault 2903.12 (A) (1-2)

No person shall knowingly cause serious physical harm to another or another’s unborn or cause or attempt to cause physical harm to another or another’s unborn by means of a deadly weapon or dangerous ordinance when under the influence of sudden passion or in sudden fit of rage brought on by the serious provocation of the victim reasonably sufficient to incite use of deadly force.