General Pathology Exam 2

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Last updated 6:23 PM on 8/29/26
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17 Terms

1
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What are the five cardinal signs of inflammation?

-pain

-heat

-redness

-swelling

-loss of function

2
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What is bradykinin?

inflammatory peptide that vasodilates, lowering blood pressure and increasing blood vessel leak

3
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What are the causes of inflammation?

-bacteria, fungi, viruses

-hypersensitivity

-trauma

-excessive heat or cold

-necrosis

-internal or external toxins

-immune mediated

4
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What are the effects of inflammation?

-high white blood cell count

-fever

-inflammatory lesions

5
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What are plasma derived inflammatory mediators?

-bradykinin

-complement system

-coagulation

-fibrinolysis

6
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What are cell derived inflammatory mediators?

-histamine produced by mast calls

-cytokines and chemokines

-lipid mediators from membrane

-lysosomal contents

7
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How are inflammatory lesions named?

-STDET

-severity

-time course

-distribution

-exudate

-tissue

8
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What exudate is present in an acute response?

fibrin

9
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What exudate is present in a chronic response?

fibrous

10
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What are acellular exudates?

serous, fibrinous, mucoid (catarrhal)

11
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Where can mucoid exudate occur?

lungs, nose, GI, female reproductive tract

12
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What are cellular exudates?

purulent, hemorrhagic, granulomatous

13
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What cells are present in granulomatous exudate?

macrophages and giant multinucleated cells

14
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What is a type 1 hypersensitivity?

-allergies

-IgE mediated

-hives, erythema

-antigen forms cross link with membrane bound IgE

-mast cells release histamine

<p>-allergies</p><p>-IgE mediated</p><p>-hives, erythema</p><p>-antigen forms cross link with membrane bound IgE</p><p>-mast cells release histamine</p>
15
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What is a type 2 hypersensitivity?

-cytotoxic

-antibody reacts directly with the antigen that's bound to the cell membrane to induce cell lysis through complement activation

-antigens can be intrinsic or extrinsic

-Rh incompatibility of newborn, blood transfusion reaction, autoimmune hemolytic anemia

<p>-cytotoxic</p><p>-antibody reacts directly with the antigen that's bound to the cell membrane to induce cell lysis through complement activation</p><p>-antigens can be intrinsic or extrinsic</p><p>-Rh incompatibility of newborn, blood transfusion reaction, autoimmune hemolytic anemia</p>
16
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What is a type 3 hypersensitivity?

-immune complexes

-mediated by IgG and IgE antibody antigen complexes

-antibodies bind antigen forming complexes that activate compliment

-neutrophils activate and release tissue damaging enzymes

-lupus, leprosy, feline infectious peritonitis

<p>-immune complexes</p><p>-mediated by IgG and IgE antibody antigen complexes</p><p>-antibodies bind antigen forming complexes that activate compliment</p><p>-neutrophils activate and release tissue damaging enzymes</p><p>-lupus, leprosy, feline infectious peritonitis</p>
17
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What is a type 4 hypersensitivity?

-delayed type

-mediated by lymphocytes and macrophages

-sensitized lymphocytes produce cytokines resulting in tissue damage

-takes 24-72hrs after contact with antigen to develop

-poison ivy, poison oak, inflammatory bowel disease

<p>-delayed type</p><p>-mediated by lymphocytes and macrophages</p><p>-sensitized lymphocytes produce cytokines resulting in tissue damage</p><p>-takes 24-72hrs after contact with antigen to develop</p><p>-poison ivy, poison oak, inflammatory bowel disease</p>