Human Genome Project Overview

Flashcards covering key terms and concepts related to the Human Genome Project and its implications in genetics and biotechnology.

Human Genome Project

An international research project aimed at mapping and understanding all the genes of the human species.

Genes

Units of heredity made up of DNA, which determine specific traits in an organism.

Genome

The complete set of DNA, including all of its genes.

Bioinformatics

A field that develops methods and software tools for understanding biological data, particularly in the context of genomics.

SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms)

Variations at a single base pair in DNA among individuals that can be associated with disease.

Linkage Analysis

A genetic mapping technique used to identify the location of genes on chromosomes.

Microsatellite

Repeating sequences of DNA that are used as reliable markers for genetic mapping.

RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism)

A technique that exploits variations in homologous DNA sequences to differentiate between individuals.

Recombination

The process by which genetic material is physically mixed during meiosis, producing offspring with combinations of traits.

Ethical considerations

Issues that arise regarding the implications and consequences of genetic research, including privacy and accessibility.

Haplotype

A group of genes within an organism that are inherited together from a single parent.

Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS)

Studies that look for associations between genetic variations and traits or diseases.

Non-coding DNA

DNA sequences that do not encode for proteins but can have regulatory roles.

Euglenoid

A group of single-celled organisms that contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis and can be found in a variety of environments.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

A hormonal disorder causing enlarged ovaries with small cysts on the outer edges.

Pharmacogenetics

The study of how genes affect a person's response to drugs.

Molecular Medicine

A field that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases at the molecular level.

Ethics

A set of moral principles that influence how research is conducted and how findings are utilized.